Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) refers to:

1.	Novel DNA sequence	2.	Genes expressed as RNA
3.	Polypeptide expression	4.	DNA polymorphism

The first genetic code of life was based on :
1. DNA

2. RNA

3. Proteins

4. Lipids

What key characteristic of T2 bacteriophage allowed Hershey and Chase to use it in their studies of the genetic material?

1. Its genes encode proteins that assemble to produce the viral coat.

2. It injects its genetic material into a bacterial cell.

3. It can undergo either the lytic or lysogenic life cycle.

4. It enters the bacterial cell to cause infection.

Which of the following statements about the structure of DNA is incorrect?

1. One complete turn requires 3.4 nm and 10 base pairs.

2. The backbones of each strand run in opposite directions relative to each other.

3. Each pair of nucleotides is held together by three hydrogen bonds.

4. The width of the molecule is a constant 2nm.

The famous double-helix model of DNA was proposed by Watson and Crick in ____ and they shared Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in ________ for their effort.
1. 1951, 1971
2. 1943, 1963
3. 1953, 1962
4. 1969, 1972

Which of the following is a pyrimidine base found in DNA?
1. Adenine

2. Guanine

3. Uracil

4. Cytosine

The backbone of a polynucleotide chain is made of:
1. Sugar and nitrogenous bases

2. Phosphate and nitrogenous bases

3. Sugar and phosphate

4. Sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases

According to Erwin Chargaff, for a double stranded DNA
1. The ratios between Adenine and Thymine, and , Guanine and Cytosine are constant and equals one.

2. The ratios between Adenine and Thymine, and , Guanine and Cytosine are constant but is not equal to one.

3. The ratios between Adenine and Guanine, and , Thymine and Cytosine are constant and equals one.

4. The ratios between Adenine and Guanine, and , Thymine and Cytosine are constant but is not equal to one.

Transcriptionally active chromatin is termed as:
1. Heterochromatin

2. Euchromatin

3. Prechromatin

4. Prochromatin

In Griffith experiment, which of the following bacterial strains were capable of causing pneumonia in mice?
1. Live R

2. Bacteria strain without polysaccharide coat

3. Heat Killed S

4. Live R without capsule and Heat Killed S