Seeds offer several advantages to angiosperms. Seed formation is more dependable because:

1. Seeds have better adaptive strategies for dispersal

2. Reproductive processes become independent of water

3. Hard seed coat provides protection to the young embryos

4. They generate new genetic combinations leading to variations

Ovule generally differentiate a single _____ in the ______ region of the nucellus.

When both male and female flowers are present on the same plant, then plant is said to be:

1. Bisexual

2. Monoecious

3. Unisexual

4. Dioecious

Most abundant/common type of pollen tetrad is _________ and it is formed due to _________ cytokinesis.

1. Tetrahedral, successive

2. Tetrahedral, simultaneous

3. Isobilateral, successive

4. Isobilateral, simultaneous

Double fertilization is different from single fertilization because of the presence of

1. Syngamy

2. Seed

3. Triple fusion

4. Megaspore and micropore

The micropylar end of Polygonum type of embryosac has the following structural cells, except

1. Definitive nucleus

2. Synergid

3. Egg cell

4. Oosphere

Egg apparatus consists of

1. Central cell + egg cell

2. Synergids + polar nuclei + egg cell

3. Synergids + oosphere

4. Antipodal cells + synergids + egg

What is the most common shape and size of pollen grain in angiosperms plants?

1. Spindle-shaped, 25-50 $\mathrm{\mu m}$

2. Spherical, 2-5 $\mathrm{\mu m}$

3. Spherical, 25-50 $\mathrm{\mu m}$

4. Spindle-shaped, 2-5 $\mathrm{\mu m}$

In flowering plants, endosperm

1. Is pre-fertilizing tissue

2. Development rarely involves free nuclear divisions

3. Development precedes embryo development

4. Is triploid tissue always

What is the possible advantage if hybrids are made into apomicts?

1. Segregation of characters in the hybrid progeny

2. Farmers can keep on using the hybrid seeds to raise new crop in first year only

3. Absence of segregation in the hybrid progeny

4. More than one option is correct