Chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis in the chloroplasts and mitochondria is based on:

1. Membrane potential

2. Accumulation of K ions

3. Proton gradient

4. Accumulation of Na ions 

Photosynthesis in C₄ plants is relatively less limited by atmospheric $C{O}_2$ levels because:
 

In C₃ plants, the first stable product of photosynthesis during the dark reaction is:

1. Oxaloacetic acid

2. 3-phosphoglyceric acid

3. Phosphoglyceraldehyde

4. Malic acid 

Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) represents the following range of wavelengths:
1. 450-950 nm
2. 340-450 nm
3. 400-700 nm
4. 500-600 nm 

The first step for initiation of photosynthesis will be:

For the synthesis of one glucose molecule, the Calvin cycle operates for:

For the assimilation of one CO₂ molecule in C₃ plants, the energy required in the form of ATP and NADPH₂ is:

1. 2 ATP & 2 NADPH₂

2. 5 ATP & 3 NADPH₂

3. 3 ATP & 2 NADPH₂

4. 18 ATP & 12 NADPH₂

Which is the first CO₂ acceptor enzyme in C₄ plants:
1. RuDP Carboxylase
2. Phosphoric acid
3. RUBISCO
4. PEP-Carboxylase

In photosynthesis, energy from light reaction to dark reaction is transferred in the form of:
1. ADP
2. ATP
3. RUDP
4. Chlorophyll

Which of the following absorbs light energy for photosynthesis:
1. Chlorophyll
2. Water molecule
3. O₂
4. RUBP