Lungs are made up of air-filled sacs, the alveoli. They do not collapse even after forceful expiration, because of:
1. Inspiratory Reserve Volume
2. Tidal Volume
3. Expiratory Reserve Volume
4. Residual Volume
In the regulation of respiration, a chemosensitive area adjacent to the rhythm centre in the medulla region of the brain, is highly sensitive to:
1. \(HCO^-_3\)
2. \(CO_2\)
3. \(O_2\)
4. \(N_2\)
Identify the wrong statement with reference to transport of oxygen:
| 1. | Partial pressure of CO2 can interfere with O2 binding with haemoglobin. |
| 2. | Higher H+ concentration in alveoli favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin. |
| 3. | Low pCO2 in alveoli favours the formation of oxyhaemoglobin. |
| 4. | Binding of oxygen with haemoglobin is mainly related to partial pressure of O2. |
| (A) | Diffusion of gases (O2 and CO2) across alveolar membrane |
| (B) | Diffusion of O2 and CO2 between blood and tissues |
| (C) | Transport of gases by the blood |
| (D) | Pulmonary ventilation by which atmospheric air is drawn in and CO2 rich alveolar air is released out |
| (E) | Utilisation of O2 by the cells for catabolic reactions and resultant release of CO2 |
| 1. | (D), (A), (C), (B), (E) | 2. | (C), (B), (A), (E), (D) |
| 3. | (B), (C), (E), (D), (A) | 4. | (A), (C), (B), (E), (D) |
Name the pulmonary disease in which alveolar surface area involved in gas exchange is drastically reduced due to damage in the alveolar walls.
| 1. | Pleurisky | 2. | Emphysema |
| 3. | Pneumonia | 4. | Asthma |
| Column I | Column II | ||
| (a) | Tidal volume | (i) | 2500-3000 mL |
| (b) | Inspiratory Reserve | (ii) | 1100-1200 mL volume |
| (c) | Expiratory Reserve | (iii) | 500-550 mL volume |
| (d) | Residual volume | (iv) | 1000-1100 mL |
| Options: | (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) |
| 1. | (iii) | (ii) | (i) | (iv) |
| 2. | (iii) | (i) | (iv) | (ii) |
| 3. | (i) | (iv) | (ii) | (iii) |
| 4. | (iv) | (iii) | (ii) | (i) |
Lungs do not collapse between breaths and some air always remains in the lungs which can never be expelled because?
| 1. | there is a negative pressure in the lungs |
| 2. | there is a negative intrapleural pressure pulling at the lung walls |
| 3. | there is a positive intrapleural pressure |
| 4. | pressure in the lungs is higher than the atmospheric pressure |
Match the following columns and select the correct option:
| Column I | Column II | ||
| (a) | Pneumotaxic Centre | (i) | Alveoli |
| (b) | O2 Dissociation curve | (ii) | Pons region of the brain |
| (c) | Carbonic Anhydrase | (iii) | Haemoglobin |
| (d) | Primary site of exchange of gases | (iv) | R.B.C. |
| Options: | (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) |
| 1. | (i) | (iii) | (ii) | (iv) |
| 2. | (ii) | (iii) | (iv) | (i) |
| 3. | (iii) | (ii) | (iv) | (i) |
| 4. | (iv) | (i) | (iii) | (ii) |
| (a) | It includes ERV, TV and IRV |
| (b) | Total volume of air a person can inspire after a normal expiration |
| (c) | The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after forced expiration |
| (d) | It includes ERV, RV and IRV. |
| (e) | The maximum volume of air a person can breathe out after a forced inspiration. |
| 1. | (b), (d) and (e) | 2. | (a), (c) and (d) |
| 3. | (a), (c) and (e) | 4. | (a) and (e) |