The dialyzing fluid has same composition as that of plasma except:
1. | Nitrogenous wastes | 2. | Bicarbonate |
3. | Sodium | 4. | Chloride |
All the following animals are uricotelic except:
1. Reptiles | 2. Land snails |
3. Birds | 4. Marine fishes |
Conditional absorption of water takes place mainly in:
1. PCT | 2. Loop of Henle |
3. DCT | 4. Collecting duct |
A person has a cardiac output of 6000 ml per minute and 20% of this is received by kidneys. What is the renal plasma flow per minute?
1. 1200 ml | 2. 660 ml |
3. 400 ml | 5. 120 ml |
JGA is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modifications in the:
1. | DCT and the afferent arteriole at the location of their contact |
2. | DCT and the efferent arteriole at the location of their contact |
3. | PCT and the afferent arteriole at the location of their contact |
4. | PCT and the efferent arteriole at the location of their contact |
Protonephridia are the excretory structures in all the following except:
1. Planaria | 2. Rotifers |
3. Amphioxus | 4. Prawns |
Beginning from the collecting duct, arrange the following structures in the correct sequence in which urine passes to the external environment: (A) ureter, (B) renal pelvis, (C) calyx, (D) urinary bladder, (E) urethra.
1. A, B, C, D, E | 2. C, D, A, E, B |
3. C, B, A, D, E | 4. B, D, A, C, E |
Where do you expect to find podocytes?
1. In the wall of afferent arteriole
2. In the wall of the DCT
3. In the lining of Bowman’s capsule
4. In the lining of Vasa recta
A counter current mechanism for concentration of urine exists between:
1. | Ascending limb of vasa recta and ascending limb of loop of Henle |
2. | Descending limb of vasa recta and descending limb of loop of Henle |
3. | Collecting duct and ascending limb of loop of Henle |
4. | Collecting duct and descending limb of loop of Henle |
Removal rate of carbon dioxide by lungs is approximately:
1. | 125 ml/minute | 2. | 200 ml/minute |
3. | 280 ml/minute | 4. | 325 ml/minute |