Q. No.Sterols, hydrocarbons and waxes can be eliminated through:
1.
Saliva
2.
Sweat
3.
Sebum
4.
Tears
Match the parts of the nephron in Column I with function/feature in Column II and select the answer from the codes given:
| Column I | Column II | ||
| A. | PCT | a. | Maximum reabsorption of water and electrolytes |
| B. | Loop of Henle - descending limb | b. | Permeable to water but almost impermeable to electrolytes |
| C. | Loop of Henle - ascending limb | c. | Impermeable to water but permeable to electrolytes |
| D. | DCT | d. | Conditional reabsorption of Na+ and water |
Codes
| A | B | C | D | |
| 1. | a | b | c | d |
| 2. | b | a | d | c |
| 3. | a | b | d | c |
| 4. | b | a | d | c |
Urine in ureter is drained directly from:
| 1. | Collecting duct | 2. | Papilla |
| 3. | Renal pelvis | 4. | Major calyces |
An excessive loss of body fluid can:
| 1. | activate osmoreceptors, stimulating hypothalamus to release ADH and thereby preventing diuresis |
| 2. | switch off osmoreceptors, suppressing release of ADH promoting diuresis |
| 3. | activate osmoreceptors, stimulating hypothalamus to release ADH and thereby promoting diuresis |
| 4. | switch off osmoreceptors, suppressing release of ADH preventing diuresis |
The increasing gradient of osmolarity in medullary interstitium, during concentration of urine, is mainly caused by reabsortion of:
| 1. | NaCl from ascending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by collecting duct |
| 2. | NaCl from descending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by collecting duct |
| 3. | NaCl from ascending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by PCT |
| 4. | NaCl from descending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by PCT |
In hemodialysis, the role of artificial kidney is actually played by:
| 1. | Dialysate | 2. | Blood pump |
| 3. | Water system | 4. | Cellulose membrane |
Identify the incorrectly matched pair [assume normal physiological conditions]:
| 1. | GFR – 125 ml/min |
| 2. | Amount of urea produced – 25 to 30 mg/day |
| 3. | Average urine output – 1 to 1.5 liter/day |
| 4. | Average amount of blood filtered by kidney – 1100 to 1200 ml/min |
Identify the incorrect statement regarding proximal convoluted tubule:
| 1. | It is lined by simple cuboidal brush bordered epithelium |
| 2. | It reabsorbs 70-80 % of electrolytes and water and nearly all nutrients |
| 3. | In juxta-medullary nephrons, it extends deep into the renal medulla |
| 4. | It secretes hydrogen ions, ammonia and reabsorbs bicarbonate ions to maintain the ionic and pH balance of the body fluids |
Uremia patients can have all the following except:
1. Increased blood glucose between meals
2. Anemia
3. Osteomalacia
4. An acidic blood pH
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