| 1. | Only abiotic factors like temperature and water. |
| 2. | Only biotic factors like food and predators. |
| 3. | The age of the organisms in the population. |
| 4. | Both abiotic and biotic components of the habitat. |
| I: | Pacific salmon fishes breed only once in their lifetime. |
| II: | Most birds and mammals breed many times during their lifetime. |
| 1. | They have evolved randomly, without any influence from the environment. |
| 2. | They are shaped by abiotic and biotic factors in the habitat, determining reproductive strategies and survival mechanisms. |
| 3. | They are identical across all species, as evolution follows a single path. |
| 4. | They only evolve in response to predation pressure, not other ecological constraints. |
| I: | Pelagic fishes produce a large number of small-sized offspring. |
| II: | Most birds and mammals produce a small number of large-sized offspring. |
| 1. | Avoid reproduction altogether. |
| 2. | Maintain constant reproductive strategies regardless of the environment. |
| 3. | Evolve reproductive strategies that maximize their survival and fitness. |
| 4. | Reproduce only when there are no competitors in the habitat. |
| 1. | Most perennial plants | 2. | Birds |
| 3. | Pacific salmon | 4. | Humans |
Choose a correct statement regarding life history variations
| 1. | Mammals breed only once in life time |
| 2. | Some organisms like Bambusa breeds many times in life |
| 3. | Large number of small sized individuals are produced by Oyesters |
| 4. | Large number of small sized individuals are produced by Mammals |
Mark the incorrect match
| 1. | Oysters, pelagic fishes - Small-sized offspring |
| 2. | Pacific salmon fish, bamboo - Breed many times in life time |
| 3. | Birds, mammals - Large-sized offspring |
| 4. | Birds, mammals - Breed many times in life time |
| Assertion (A): | Ability to maintain a constant internal environment enhances the overall ‘fitness’ of the species. |
| Reason (R): | A constant internal environment permits all biochemical reactions and physiological functions to proceed with maximal efficiency. |
| 1. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 2. | (A) is false but (R) is true. |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A). |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) does not explain (A). |
Mammals:
| 1. | breed many times during their lifetime and produce a small number of large-sized offspring |
| 2. | breed many times during their lifetime and produce a large number of small-sized offspring |
| 3. | breed many times during their lifetime and produce a small number of small-sized offspring |
| 4. | breed only once during their lifetime and produce a small number of large-sized offspring |