1. | pollens are shed at two-celled stage |
2. | the generative cell divides mitotically to give rise to the two male gametes before pollen grains are shed |
3. | the vegetative cell divides mitotically to give rise to the two male gametes before pollen grains are shed |
4. | pollens do not make gametes at all |
Assertion (A): | The flowers, pollinated by wind or water, produce an enormous amount of pollen when compared to the number of ovules available for pollination. |
Reason (R): | Pollen grains coming in contact with the stigma is a chance factor in both wind and water pollination. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
Statement I: | Pollination by water is quite rare in flowering plants, limited to about 30 genera, mostly monocotyledons. |
Statement II: | Water is a regular mode of transport for the male gametes among the lower plant groups such as algae, bryophytes and pteridophytes. |
1. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct |
2. | Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct |
3. | Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect |
4. | Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect |
I: | prevents inbreeding |
II: | is a genetic mechanism |
III: | prevents self-pollen from fertilising the ovules by inhibiting pollen germination or pollen tube growth in the pistil. |
1. | Only I and II are correct | 2. | Only I and III are correct |
3. | Only II and III are correct | 4. | I, II and III are correct |
Assertion (A): | Emasculation and bagging techniques are vital for the success of artificial hybridization experiments performed by plant breeders. |
Reason (R): | In such crossing experiments, it is important to make sure that only the desired pollen grains are used for pollination and the stigma is protected from contamination (from unwanted pollen). |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) explains (A) |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) does not explain (A) |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
I: | If the female parent produces unisexual flowers, there is no need for emasculation. |
II: | The female flower buds are never bagged as well. |