Which of the following is not part of the normal process of cloning recombinant DNA in bacteria?
| 1. | restriction endonuclease digestion of cellular and plasmid DNAs. |
| 2. | production of recombinant DNA using DNA ligase and a mixture of digested cellular and plasmid DNAs. |
| 3. | separation of recombinant DNAs by electrophoresis using the Southern technique to determine where the desired recombinant migrates. |
| 4. | transformation of bacteria by the recombinant DNA plasmids and selection using ampicillin. |
| 1. | The process of separation and purification of expressed protein before marketing is called as downstream processing |
| 2. | DNA precipitation out of a mixture of biomolecules can be achieved by treatment with a divalent cation such as calcium ion |
| 3. | Stirred-tank bioreactors have been designed for availability of oxygen throughout the process |
| 4. | Reporter genes can be used as markers for selecting successfully transformed cells |