Q. No.
The most toxic nitrogenous metabolic waste product is:
| 1. ammonia | 2. urea |
| 3. uric acid | 4. methane |
Uricotelic mode of passing out nitrogenous wastes is found in
| 1. reptiles and bird | 2. birds and annelids |
| 3. amphibians and reptiles | 4. insects and amphibians |
Protonephridia are the excretory structures in all the following except:
| 1. Planaria | 2. Rotifers |
| 3. Amphioxus | 4. Prawns |
| Column I [Organism] |
Column II [Osmoregulatory and excretory structure] |
||
| A | Flatworms, rotifers, Amphioxus | P | Protonephridia |
| B | Earthworm | Q | Nephridia |
| C | Insects | R | Malpighian tubule |
| D | Prawn | S | Green gland or antennal gland |
| A | B | C | D | |
| 1. | P | Q | R | S |
| 2. | Q | R | S | P |
| 3. | R | S | P | Q |
| 4. | S | P | Q | R |
Juxtamedullary nephrons:
1. are more common than cortical nephrons
2. do not have a well developed vasa recta associated with them
3. play a very important role in concentration of urine
4. produce angiotensinogen
The location of kidneys in humans can be best described as:
| 1. | between last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to dorsal inner wall of abdominal cavity |
| 2. | between last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to ventral inner wall of abdominal cavity |
| 3. | between 10th thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to dorsal inner wall of abdominal cavity |
| 4. | between 10th thoracic and third lumbar vertebra close to ventral inner wall of abdominal cavity |
Extension of renal cortex between the medullary pyramids is called as:
| 1. Juxta-glomerular apparatus | 2. Macula densa |
| 3. Columns of Bertini | 4. Ducts of Bellini |
Beginning from the collecting duct, arrange the following structures in the correct sequence in which urine passes to the external environment: (A) ureter, (B) renal pelvis, (C) calyx, (D) urinary bladder, (E) urethra.
| 1. A, B, C, D, E | 2. C, D, A, E, B |
| 3. C, B, A, D, E | 4. B, D, A, C, E |
A capillary network around the renal tubule is formed by:
| 1. Afferent arteriole | 2. Efferent arteriole |
| 3. Vasa recta | 4. Arcuate artery |
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