| Assertion (A): | It is convenient to divide the global ecosystem into some basic categories. |
| Reason (R): | Global ecosystem is too big to study at once. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
A physical structure that is characteristic of each type of ecosystem is due to:
| 1. | Interaction between various biotic components of the ecosystem |
| 2. | Interaction between various abiotic components of the ecosystem |
| 3. | Interaction between various biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem |
| 4. | Interaction of producers with abiotic components of the ecosystem |
| 1. | A group of populations of different species interacting in a specific area, forming a stable unit of life. |
| 2. | A large geographic region characterized by specific climatic conditions and dominant plant and animal species. |
| 3. | The global ecological system integrating all living organisms and their relationships with the environment. |
| 4. | A self-regulating system consisting of biotic and abiotic components that interact with each other through energy flow and nutrient cycling. |
Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels in a biotic community is known as:-
(1) divergence
(2) stratification
(3) zonation
(4) pyramid
| 1. | the sun | 2. | chemosynthesis |
| 3. | decomposition | 4. | water |
| 1. | All organisms in the pond rely only on dissolved inorganic substances for nutrition. |
| 2. | Energy circulates indefinitely within the pond without any loss as heat. |
| 3. | It contains producers, consumers, and decomposers that continuously recycle matter. |
| 4. | Autotrophs and decomposers do not depend on any abiotic factors. |
Which one of the following is not a functional unit of an ecosystem?
1. Energy flow
2. Decomposition
3. Productivity
4. Stratification
| 1. | Different species occupy distinct vertical layers, reducing direct competition for light and space. |
| 2. | All plant species grow at the same height to maximise total ecosystem productivity. |
| 3. | Trees, shrubs, herbs, and grasses compete for identical resources within a single vertical layer. |
| 4. | Vertical layers are formed only in aquatic ecosystems and never in terrestrial ones. |