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Q. No.Given below are two statements.
Statement I: Distal convoluted tubule of kidney is capable of reabsorbing HCO3.
Statement II: Only 10% of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
1. Both statement I and statement II are true
2. Both statement I and statement II are false
3. Statement I is correct but statement II is false
4. Statement I is incorrect but statement II is true
Statement I: Distal convoluted tubule of kidney is capable of reabsorbing HCO3.
Statement II: Only 10% of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
1. Both statement I and statement II are true
2. Both statement I and statement II are false
3. Statement I is correct but statement II is false
4. Statement I is incorrect but statement II is true
Subtopic: Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration 2 |
80%
Level 1: 80%+
Hints
Read the following statements and choose the option that correctly states them as true (T) or false (F) with respect to the human excretory system:
(a) (b) (c)
1. F T T
2. T F F
3. F F T
4. F T F
| (a) | The cortex extends in between the medullary pyramids as calyx. |
| (b) | Vasa recta is absent or highly reduced in cortical nephrons. |
| (c) | Kidney is situated between the levels of the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebra close to the dorsal inner wall of the abdominal cavity. |
1. F T T
2. T F F
3. F F T
4. F T F
Subtopic: Human Kidney: Location & Cut Section | Nephron Part 1 | Nephron Part 2 |
80%
Level 1: 80%+
Hints
How many of the given statements are correct with respect to human urinary system?
(a) In humans, ammonia produced by metabolism is converted into urea in the kidneys and then excreted out by them.
(b) The outer layer of kidney is a tough capsule.
(c) Inside the kidney, there are two zones, an outer medulla and an inner cortex.
(d) The cortex extends in between the medullary pyramids as renal columns called columns of Bertini.
(e) In kidney, there is a broad funnel-shaped space called the renal pelvis with projections called calyces.
1. Five
2. Three
3. Four
4. Two
(a) In humans, ammonia produced by metabolism is converted into urea in the kidneys and then excreted out by them.
(b) The outer layer of kidney is a tough capsule.
(c) Inside the kidney, there are two zones, an outer medulla and an inner cortex.
(d) The cortex extends in between the medullary pyramids as renal columns called columns of Bertini.
(e) In kidney, there is a broad funnel-shaped space called the renal pelvis with projections called calyces.
1. Five
2. Three
3. Four
4. Two
Subtopic: Human Kidney: Functions | Human Kidney: Location & Cut Section | Disorders of Excretory System |
60%
Level 2: 60%+
Hints
Consider the given statements carefully.
(a) Malpighian tubules help in the removal of nitrogenous wastes and osmoregulation in Periplaneta.
(b) Flame cells are the excretory structure in Planaria as well as rotifers.
(c) Each kidney of an adult human measures 0.1 to 0.12 meters in width.
(d) Kidneys are situated between the level of the last thoracic and fourth lumbar vertebra.
Select the option with correct statements only:
1. (a), (b), (c), and (d)
2. (a) and (b)
3. (a), (c), and (d)
4. (a), (b), and (c)
(a) Malpighian tubules help in the removal of nitrogenous wastes and osmoregulation in Periplaneta.
(b) Flame cells are the excretory structure in Planaria as well as rotifers.
(c) Each kidney of an adult human measures 0.1 to 0.12 meters in width.
(d) Kidneys are situated between the level of the last thoracic and fourth lumbar vertebra.
Select the option with correct statements only:
1. (a), (b), (c), and (d)
2. (a) and (b)
3. (a), (c), and (d)
4. (a), (b), and (c)
Subtopic: Nitrogenous Excretory Products | Human Kidney: Location & Cut Section |
76%
Level 2: 60%+
Hints
Read the following statements:
Select the correct option from the following:
| Statement A: | The main differentiating factor between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons is the length of the loop of Henle. |
| Statement B: | Vasa recta is absent or highly reduced in cortical nephrons. |
Select the correct option from the following:
| 1. | Only statement A is correct. |
| 2. | Only statement B is correct. |
| 3. | Both statements A and B are correct. |
| 4. | Both statements A and B are incorrect. |
Subtopic: Nephron Part 1 | Nephron Part 2 |
91%
Level 1: 80%+
Hints
Read the following statements carefully.
Statement A: NaCl is returned to the ascending limb of the loop of Henle from the descending limb of vasa recta.
Statement B: The osmolarity of the filtrate increases from 300 mOsmolL–1 to 1200 mOsmol L–1 as it moves down the descending limb of Henle’s loop.
Choose the correct option from the following:
1. Only statement A is correct
2. Only statement B is correct
3. Both statements A and B are correct
4. Both statements A and B are incorrect
Statement A: NaCl is returned to the ascending limb of the loop of Henle from the descending limb of vasa recta.
Statement B: The osmolarity of the filtrate increases from 300 mOsmolL–1 to 1200 mOsmol L–1 as it moves down the descending limb of Henle’s loop.
Choose the correct option from the following:
1. Only statement A is correct
2. Only statement B is correct
3. Both statements A and B are correct
4. Both statements A and B are incorrect
Subtopic: Concentration of Urine: I | Concentration of Urine: II |
59%
Level 3: 35%-60%
Hints
Match Column-I with Column-II and select the correct option
1. a(i), b(ii), c(iii), d(iv)
2. a(iv), b(iii), c(ii), d(i)
3. a(i), b(iv), c(iii), d(ii)
4. a(ii), b(i), c(iv), d(iii)
| Column-I | Column-II | ||
| a. | Transport of urine | (i) | Filtration slits |
| b. | Podocytes | (ii) | Ureter |
| c. | Ultrafilteration | (iii) | Permeable to water |
| d. | Descending limb of Henle's loop | (iv) | Glomerulus |
1. a(i), b(ii), c(iii), d(iv)
2. a(iv), b(iii), c(ii), d(i)
3. a(i), b(iv), c(iii), d(ii)
4. a(ii), b(i), c(iv), d(iii)
Subtopic: Human Kidney: Functions | Nephron Part 1 | Nephron Part 2 | Formation of Urine |
94%
Level 1: 80%+
Hints
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How many of the statements given below are correct?
1. One
2. Three
3. Two
4. Four
| (a) | Active secretion of hydrogen ions into the filtrate is responsible for acidic nature of human urine. |
| (b) | Caffeine does not favour the formation of large quantities of dilute urine. |
| (c) | Removal of PCT from the nephron will result is more diluted urine. |
| (d) | Exposure to cold temperature stimulates release of ADH. |
2. Three
3. Two
4. Four
Subtopic: Formation of Urine |
54%
Level 3: 35%-60%
Hints
Consider the given statements and select the option that correctly states them as true (T) or false (F)
(a) GFR in a healthy individual is 7.5 L/hour under normal physiological conditions
(b) 99% of the filtrate formed is reabsorbed by the renal tubules
(c) Increase in ADH level causes a decrease in sodium reabsorption in the DCT
(d) DCT is incapable of reabsorbing \(HCO^-_3\)
(a) GFR in a healthy individual is 7.5 L/hour under normal physiological conditions
(b) 99% of the filtrate formed is reabsorbed by the renal tubules
(c) Increase in ADH level causes a decrease in sodium reabsorption in the DCT
(d) DCT is incapable of reabsorbing \(HCO^-_3\)
| a | b | c | d | |
| 1. | T | F | F | T |
| 2. | T | T | F | F |
| 3. | T | T | T | T |
| 4. | F | T | F | T |
Subtopic: Autoregulation of GFR |
73%
Level 2: 60%+
Hints
Read the given statements and select the correct option.
Statement A: Hydrostatic pressure during glomerular filtration is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine.
Statement B: During summer, when body loses a lot of water by evaporation, then the release of anti-diuretic hormone is suppressed from hypothalamus.
1. Both statements (A) and (B) are correct
2. Both statements (A) and (B) are incorrect
3. Only statement (B) is correct
4. Only statement (B) is incorrect
Statement A: Hydrostatic pressure during glomerular filtration is responsible for the formation of concentrated urine.
Statement B: During summer, when body loses a lot of water by evaporation, then the release of anti-diuretic hormone is suppressed from hypothalamus.
1. Both statements (A) and (B) are correct
2. Both statements (A) and (B) are incorrect
3. Only statement (B) is correct
4. Only statement (B) is incorrect
Subtopic: Concentration of Urine: I | Concentration of Urine: II | Autoregulation of GFR | Concentration of Urine |
Level 3: 35%-60%
Hints
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