Q. No.Which of the following is not a correct difference between a grazing food chain [GFC] and a detritus food chain [DFC]?
GFC
DFC
1.
Major conduit of energy flow in aquatic ecosystem
Major conduit of energy flow in terrestrial ecosystem
2.
Much larger energy flows through it
Much smaller energy flows through it
3.
Begins with producers
Begins with dead organic matter
4.
Energy for this food chain comes from the sun
Energy for this food chain comes from the remains of detritus
GFC
DFC
1.
Major conduit of energy flow in aquatic ecosystem
Major conduit of energy flow in terrestrial ecosystem
2.
Much larger energy flows through it
Much smaller energy flows through it
3.
Begins with producers
Begins with dead organic matter
4.
Energy for this food chain comes from the sun
Energy for this food chain comes from the remains of detritus
Consider the two statements:
| I: | Phosphorus is much more important as a limiting nutrient in aquatic systems. |
| II: | Phosphorus is generally much less soluble than nitrogen, it is leached from the soil at a much slower rate than nitrogen. |
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I.
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I.
3. I is correct and II is incorrect.
4. Both I and II are correct.
During the decomposition of complex organic matter:
| I: | Fragmentation of detritus creates smaller particles. |
| II: | Due to leaching water-soluble inorganic nutrients get precipitated. |
| III: | Catabolism by fungal and bacterial enzymes degrades detritus to simple organic monomers. |
| IV: | Humus is highly resistant to microbial action |
| V: | Mineralization is a rapid process of release of inorganic nutrients from the humus |
1. All except III are correct
2. All except III and IV are correct
3. All except III and V are correct
4. Only III is correct
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Identify the incorrectly matched pair:
|
1. |
Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels |
Stratification |
|
2. |
Mass of living material at a particular time at each trophic level |
Standing crop |
|
3. |
Rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers |
Net primary productivity |
|
4. |
The rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis |
Gross primary productivity |
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The most relevant abiotic ecological factor for organisms is:
| 1. | Temperature | 2. | Water |
| 3. | Light | 4. | Soil |
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Unlike terrestrial ecosystems, the majority of primary production in the ocean is:
| 1. | not dependent on the Sun as the source of energy |
| 2. | performed by phytoplankton |
| 3. | not limited by the availability of nitrogen |
| 4. | not important from a global perspective |
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Consider the given two statements:
| I: | Humus has the ability to store nutrients. |
| II: | Humus is a colloidal substance and increases the cation-exchange capacity of the soil. |
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I.
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I.
3. I is correct but II is incorrect.
4. I is incorrect but II is correct.
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Which of the following representations shows the pyramid of numbers in a forest ecosystem?
| 1. | A | 2. | B |
| 3. | C | 4. | D |
Which of the following ecosystem characteristics that changes during succession is not correctly matched?
|
|
Characteristics |
Seral stages |
Climax |
|
1. |
Size of individuals |
Small |
Large |
|
2. |
Ecological niches |
Few, generalized |
Many, specialized |
|
3. |
Food chains and webs |
Simple |
Complex |
|
4. |
Efficiency of energy use |
High |
Low |
The correct sequence in primary hydrarch succession in early seral stages would be:
| 1. | Submerged plant – Submerged free-floating plant – Reed swamp – Marsh meadow |
| 2. | Submerged free-floating plant – Submerged plant – Reed swamp – Marsh meadow |
| 3. | Submerged plant – Submerged free-floating plant – Marsh meadow – Reed swamp |
| 4. | Submerged free-floating plant – Reed swamp – Submerged plant – Marsh meadow |
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