Q. No.Energy flow and nutrient cycling are two important components of an ecosystem. What will be true comparison of the two?
1.
The amount of energy is much greater than the amount of nutrients
2.
Organisms always need nutrients, but they don't always need energy
3.
Nutrients are recycled, but energy is not
4.
Organisms always need energy, but they don't always need nutrients
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The ecological pyramids that can never be inverted in a natural ecosystem include:
| I: | pyramid of numbers |
| II: | pyramid of energy in any ecosystem |
| III: | pyramid of biomass in the sea |
1. Only II
2. Only III
3. Only II and III
4. All can be inverted
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Consider the two statements:
| I: | Food chains rarely extend for more than 4 or 5 levels. |
| II: | Consumers at each level convert, on an average, only about 10% of the chemical energy in their food to their own organic tissue. |
1. Both I and II are correct and II explains I.
2. Both I and II are correct but II does not explain I.
3. Only I is correct.
4. Both I and II are incorrect.
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Of the total solar radiation that falls on the leaves of the plants, about what percent is captured by them?
| 1. | 1 – 5 % | 2. | 2 – 10 % |
| 3. | 40 – 50 % | 4. | 90 – 100 % |
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Consider the given two statements:
| I: | In most ecosystems, all the ecological pyramids are largely upright. |
| II: | Pyramid of energy can be a notable exception to the above rule. |
1. Both I and II are correct.
2. Both I and II are incorrect.
3. Only II is correct.
4. Only I is correct.
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On the land, almost all primary production is performed by:
| 1. | Phytoplanktons | 2. | Algae |
| 3. | Mosses and Liverworts | 4. | Vascular plants |
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Secondary productivity in an ecosystem can be defined as:
| 1. | The amount of chemical energy, typically expressed as carbon biomass, that primary producers create in a given length of time. |
| 2. | The rate at which all the autotrophs in an ecosystem produce net useful chemical energy. |
| 3. | The rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers. |
| 4. | The amount of energy released by the action of detritivores and decomposers in an ecosystem. |
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Suppose in an area, the energy present in total incident sunlight falling on primary producers is 10,00,000 J and about 10,000 J is converted by them into biomass. What percent of PAR have the primary producers been able to convert?
| 1. | 1 % | 2. | 2 % |
| 3. | 10 % | 4. | 20 % |
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In an open ocean, the pyramid of biomass is often inverted. How can this support higher trophic levels?
| 1. | The food produced by primary producers is of high quality |
| 2. | The primary producers grow and reproduce at high rates |
| 3. | Primary producers are very abundant. |
| 4. | The predators at higher trophic levels are very efficient |
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Net primary productivity is the gross primary productivity minus:
| 1. | that which is consumed by herbivores |
| 2. | that which is consumed by the producer in metabolism |
| 3. | secondary productivity |
| 4. | loss due to mortality |
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