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Q. No.Complete the analogy with respect to reabsorption
PCT : Glucose and amino acids :: DCT : _____
1. K+ and H+
2. H+ and
3. NaCl and
4. K+ and H2O
Subtopic: Formation of Urine |
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Which of the following is not important for maintaining the increasing osmolarity in the medullary interstitium?
1. The proximity between Henle's loop and vasa recta
2. Counter current flow in two limbs of tubule
3. The differential permeability of different segments of nephron
4. Counter current flow in two limbs of Vasa recta
Subtopic: Concentration of Urine: II | Concentration of Urine |
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Potassium ions:
| I: | are filtered at the glomerulus |
| II: | are reabsorbed at the PCT |
| III: | are secreted at DCT |
| 1. | I & II only | 2. | I & III only |
| 3. | II & III only | 4. | I, II & III |
Subtopic: Formation of Urine |
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To maintain the pH and ionic balance of the body fluids, the proximal convoluted tubule selectively secretes all the following into the filtrate except:
| I. | Hydrogen ion | II. | Potassium ion |
| III. | Ammonia | IV. | Bicarbonate ion |
1. I & II
2. II & III
3. II & IV
4. Only IV
Subtopic: Human Kidney: Location & Cut Section |
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Approximately what amount of carbon dioxide is removed by lungs per hour in a healthy resting individual?
| 1. | 200 ml | 2. | 12 L |
| 3. | 122 L | 4. | 288 L |
Subtopic: Role of other Organs in Excretion |
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During the concentration of urine by human kidneys:
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
| I: | Small amounts of urea is transported back to medullary interstitium by ascending portion of vasa recta |
| II: | NaCl is returned to the medullary interstitium by the descending portion of vasa recta |
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
Subtopic: Concentration of Urine: I |
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Identify the incorrect statement regarding antidiuretic hormone (ADH):
| 1. | It is synthesized by the neurons of the hypothalamus and stored and released from the neurohypophysis. |
| 2. | It binds to receptors on the collecting duct cells and activates a cAMP second messenger system. |
| 3. | It is released during body dehydration conditions and acts on the collecting duct. |
| 4. | ADH is released when osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus sense a decrease in the blood osmolality. |
Subtopic: Autoregulation of GFR |
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Identify the correct statements:
| I: | Each kidney of an adult human measures 10-12 cm in length, 5-7 cm in width and 2-3 cm in thickness. |
| II: | The DCTs of many nephrons open into a straight tube called collecting duct. |
| III: | Each nephron has two parts – the glomerulus and the renal tubule. |
| IV: | The renal tubule begins with the proximal convoluted tubule. |
| 1. | Only I and II | 2. | Only I, II and III |
| 3. | Only II and III | 4. | I, II, III and IV |
Subtopic: Human Kidney: Functions | Human Kidney: Location & Cut Section |
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Consider the two statements:
| Assertion (A): | An excess of aldosterone can cause a decrease in potassium ion concentration in body fluids. |
| Reason (R): | Aldosterone acts mainly at the renal tubules and stimulates the reabsorption of Na+ and water. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
| 2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
Subtopic: Autoregulation of GFR |
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Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R)
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
| Assertion (A): | Ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water and allows transport of electrolytes actively or passively. |
| Reason (R): | Dilution of filtrate takes place due to efflux of electrolytes in the medullary fluid |
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
| 1. | (A) is True, (R) is False |
| 2. | (A) is False, (R) is True |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
Subtopic: Function of the tubules |
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