Terrestrial adaptations necessitated the production of :
1. | Highly toxic nitrogenous wastes like urea and uric acid |
2. | Lesser toxic nitrogenous wastes like urea and uric acid |
3. | Lesser toxic nitrogenous wastes like ammonia and urea |
4. | Highly toxic nitrogenous wastes like ammonia and urea |
(a) | Angiotensin II activates the cortex of adrenal gland to release aldosterone. |
(b) | Aldosterone leads to increase in blood pressure. |
(c) | ANF acts as a check on renin-angiotensin mechanism. |
(d) | ADH causes vasodilation. |
(e) | Vasopressin is released from adenohypophysis. |
Which one of the following hormones reduces blood pressure?
1. Antidiuretic hormone
2. Atrial Natriuretic factor
3. Aldosterone
4. Angiotensin-II
1. | Pavo | 2. | Ornithorhynchus |
3. | Salamandra | 4. | Hippocampus |
Assertion (A): | Nephrons are of two types: Cortical & Juxta medullary, based on their relative position in cortex and medulla. |
Reason (R): | Juxta medullary nephrons have short-loop of Henle whereas, cortical nephrons have longer loop of Henle. |
1. | (A) is False, (R) is True. |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain(A). |
4. | (A) is True, (R) is False. |
A: | An excessive loss of body fluid from the body switches off osmoreceptors. |
B: | ADH facilitates water reabsorption to prevent diuresis. |
C: | ANF causes vasodilation. |
D: | ADH causes increase in blood pressure. |
E: | ADH is responsible for decrease in GFR. |
1. | C, D and E only | 2. | A and B only |
3. | B, C and D only | 4. | A, B and E only |
Assertion (A): | Ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to water and allows transport of electrolytes actively or passively. |
Reason (R): | Dilution of filtrate takes place due to efflux of electrolytes in the medullary fluid |
1. | (A) is True, (R) is False |
2. | (A) is False, (R) is True |
3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
(A) | Activation of JG cells and release of renin |
(B) | Angiotensin II activated release of aldosterone |
(C) | Fall in glomerular blood pressure |
(D) | Reabsorption of Na+ and water from distal convoluted tubule |
(E) | Angiotensinogen is converted to Angiotensin I and then to Angiotensin II |
1. | (C), (A), (E), (B), (D) | 2. | (A), (D), (E), (C), (B) |
3. | (A), (D), (C), (B), (E) | 4. | (B), (A), (E), (D), (C) |
Select the correct statement:
1. | Atrial Natriuretic Factor increases the blood pressure. |
2. | Angiotensin II is a powerful vasodilator. |
3. | Counter current pattern of blood flow is not observed in vasa recta. |
4. | Reduction in Glomerular Filtration Rate activates JG cells to release renin. |
The increase in osmolarity from outer to inner medullary interstitium is maintained due to:
(i) | Close proximity between Henle's loop and vasa recta |
(ii) | Counter current mechanism |
(iii) | Selective secretion of HCO3¯ and hydrogen ions in PCT |
(iv) | Higher blood pressure in glomerular capillaries |
1. | Only (ii) | 2. | (iii) and (iv) |
3. | (i), (ii) and (iii) | 4. | (i) and (ii) |