Q. No.Figure shows a human urinary system with structures labelled A to D. Select option which correctly identifies them and gives their characteristics and/or functions.
1.
B-pelvis - broad funnel-shaped space inner to the hilum, directly connected to loops of Henle.
2.
C- Medulla- inner zone of kidney and contains complex nephrons.
3.
D- Cortex- outer part of the kidney and does not contain any part of nephrons.
4.
A- Adrenal gland- located at the anterior part of the kidney; secretes catecholamines which stimulate glycogen breakdown.
Within the renal tubule, two hormones play a role in determining the final volume and sodium concentration of the urine. The hormone ____ regulates sodium reabsorption, while ______ regulates water reabsorption.
1. aldosterone; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
2. cortisol; atrial natriuretic peptide
3. renin; angiotensin II
4. antidiuretic hormone (ADH); epinephrine
Match the items given in Column I with those Column II and select the correct option given below:
| Column I | Column II | ||
| (Function) | (Part of the Excretory system) | ||
| (a) | Ultrafiltration | (i) | Henle's loop |
| (b) | Concentration of urine | (ii) | Ureter |
| (c) | Transport of urine | (iii) | Urinary bladder |
| (d) | Storage of urine | (iv) | Malpighian corpuscle |
| (v) | Proximal convoluted tubule | ||
| Options: | (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) |
| 1. | (iv) | (v) | (ii) | (iii) |
| 2. | (iv) | (i) | (ii) | (iii) |
| 3. | (v) | (iv) | (i) | (ii) |
| 4. | (v) | (iv) | (i) | (iii) |
The greater the number of blood vessels dilated, the ________.
1. higher the blood pressure
2. lower the blood pressure
3. faster the heartbeat
4. slower the heartbeat
Which area actually secretes renin into the blood?
(1) macula densa
(2) juxtaglomerular apparatus
(3) juxtaglomerular cells
(4) cortical nephron
“This segment allows passage of small amounts of urea into the medullary interstitium to keep up the osmolarity”. Which segment does the statement suggest?
1. Descending limb of Henle’s loop.
2. Ascending limb of Henle’s loop.
3. Collecting duct.
4. Proximal convoluted tubule.
During counter current mechanism, interstitial medullary concentration can be increased upto 4 times due to
| i. | Active pumping of salts from the upper part of the ascending limb. |
| ii. | Passive diffusion of salts from the lower part of the ascending limb. |
| iii. | Passive diffusion of Na+ and Cl– from thick segment of the ascending limb. |
| iv. | Active secretion of Na+ and Cl– into the thin segment of the tubule |
1. i, ii, iii & iv
2. i & ii
3. ii & iii
4. i only
Which of the following physiological changes is not associated with Renin– Angiotensin-Aldosterone system?
1. Increase in GFR
2. Increase in blood pressure
3. Increase in blood aldosterone level
4. Increase in tubular secretion
Due to insufficient filtration in the Bowman's capsule, all are likely to happen except:
1. Accumulation of fluid in the body
2. Increase in blood pressure
3. Increase in blood urea level
4. Increase in GFR
The process of release of urine is called micturition and the neural mechanisms causing it is called the micturition reflex.
(i) Urine formed by the nephron is ultimately carried to the urinary bladder
(ii) This signal is initiated by the stretching of the urinary bladder as it gets filled with urine
(iii) In response, the stretch receptors on the bladder send signals to the CNS
(iv) The CNS passes motor messages to initiate the contraction of smooth muscles of the bladder causing the release of urine
Choose the correct option which contains the correct order of phenomena of micturition.
1. (i),(ii),(iii) and (iv)
2. (ii),(i),(iii) and (iv)
3. (iii),(ii),(i) and (iv)
4. (iv),(ii),(iii) and (i)
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