| Assertion (A): | Special vascularised structures called gills are used by most of the aquatic arthropods and molluscs. |
| Reason (R): | Terrestrial arthropods also possess gills. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
| Assertion (A): | The tracheae, primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi and initial bronchioles are supported by incomplete cartilaginous rings. |
| Reason (R): | The cartilaginous rings prevent these structure from collapsing. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
| A. | All the terrestrial vertebrates are air-breathers. |
| B. | They have developed lungs for breathing, an adaption for land life. |