The cause of “aplastic anemia" would be:
1. lack of iron content or iron absorption from the diet
2. destruction of the bone marrow, perhaps by chemicals in the environment or chemotherapy
3. high altitude
4. inadequate vitamin B₁₂ absorption from the diet because the intrinsic factor is absent

Veins are said to have a higher ____ than arteries because they expand more easily and a higher ___________ because they contain more blood.
1. compliance; capacitance
2. elasticity; compliance
3. elasticity; capacitance
4. None of the above

Severe dyspnea due to pulmonary edema will be caused most likely by:
1. cardiogenic shock
2. anaphylactic shock
3. right-sided congestive heart failure
4. left-sided congestive heart failure

Atria can completely empty during ventricular filling due to:
1. A-V node
2. A-V bundle
3. S-A node
4. Purkinje fibers

The arrhythmia that results in cardiac arrest followed by death in the absence of treatment and therefore considered most serious is:
1. Tachycardia
2. Sinus bradycardia
3. Atrial flutter
4. Ventricular fibrillation

The least significant factor for erythropoiesis amongst the following is:
1. vitamin B₁₂
2. vitamin B₆
3. folic acid
4. gastric intrinsic factor

Also sometimes called as the ‘widow maker’ the anterior interventricular artery is a branch of the
1. left circumflex artery.
2. right anterior descending artery.
3. left coronary artery.
4. right coronary artery.

What exactly is an auricle?
1. a sphincter present in an arteriole.
2. an extension of the atrial wall.
3. part of a heart valve.
4. part of nodal tissue of the heart.

Under normal physiological conditions a higher cardiac output can be achieved by a higher:
1. extracellular ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$ concentration
2. blood pressure in the systemic circulation
3. venous return
4. parasympathetic tone

Vagotomy [cutting of vagus nerve] would lead to:
1. reduced heart rate
2. increased heart rate
3. reduced strength of contraction
4. increased secretion of acetylcholine