| Assertion(A): | Evolution is not occurring at all at present. |
| Reason(R): | Evolution takes a very short time. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
| Assertion(A): | Evolution is not a directed process in the sense of determination. |
| Reason(R): | It is stochastic process based on chance events in nature and chance mutation in the organisms. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
| Assertion(A): | Branching descent and natural selection are the two key concepts of Darwinian theory. |
| Reason(R): | Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium is not affected by Darwinian natural selection. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
| Assertion(A): | Human beings possess the property of language skills and self-consciousness. |
| Reason(R): | Chimpanzee are also animals with the property of self-consciousness. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are false. |
| (i) | Diversifying (disruptive) selection is a mode of natural selection that favours variants of opposite extremes over intermediate forms |
| (ii) | In the evolution of life on Earth, the early primitive cells that were present must have obtained their energy by glycolysis and fermentation |
| (iii) | Darwin's theory of evolution was highly influenced by the Mendel's crossing experiments with peas |
| (iv) | Hardy-Weinberg's principle can be used to interpret whether evolution has occurred in a population or not |
| (v) | The half-life of carbon-14 is approximately 5730 years |
| Assertion (A): | Big bang theory says that the universe is still expanding. |
| Reason (R): | The expansion of the universe caused the decrease in temperature. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True, but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False, but (R) is True. |
| Assertion (A): | According to Darwin, fitness means reproductive fitness. |
| Reason (R): | Those who are a better fit in the environment will leave more progenies. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true, but (R) is false. |
| 4. | (A) is false, but (R) is true. |
| Assertion (A): | The new forms of life have arisen at different times in the history of the earth. |
| Reason (R): | Studies showed that life forms varied over time and certain life forms are restricted to certain geological timespans. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true, but (R) is false. |
| 4. | (A) is false, but (R) is true. |