| Assertion (A): | Adaptive ability is inherited. |
| Reason (R): | Individuals having heritable and useful variations reproduce better and leave more progeny. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false |
| 4. | (A) is false but (R) is true |
| (a) | Homo erectus fossil was discovered in Java in 1981. |
| (b) | The Neanderthal man lived in near east and central Africa between 75,000–10,000 years ago. |
| (c) | Australopithecines were probably taller than 4 feet but did not walk upright. |
| (d) | Few fossils of man-like bones have been discovered in Ethiopia and Tanzania. |
| (A) | Thecodonts are extant ancestors of crocodiles and birds. |
| (B) | Mammals have evolved from sauropsids. |
| (C) | Snakes are closer to lizards than tuataras. |
| (D) | Birds are closer to dinosaurs than crocodiles. |
| Column-I | Column-II | ||
| a. | Australopithecines | (i) | Probably ate meat |
| b. | Homo erectus | (ii) | Walked like gorillas |
| c. | Neanderthal man | (iii) | Hunted with stone weapons but essentially ate fruits |
| d. | Ramapithecus | (iv) | (iv) Lived in near east and central Asia |
| (a) | Seed ferns are common ancestors for Gnetales and cycads. |
| (b) | Zosterophyllum are avascular land plants that evolved in the Silurian period. |
| (c) | Lycopods are the oldest extant vascular land plants. |
| (d) | Sphenopsids evolved from the group of plants to which Psilophyton belongs. |
| Statement A: | Similarities in proteins and genes among diverse organisms indicates common ancestry. |
| Statement B: | Humans and chimpanzees also show biochemical similarities. |
| Column-I | Column II | ||
| a. | Lobe-finned fishes | (i) | Amniotes and lay thick-shelled eggs |
| b. | Tyrannosaurus rex | (ii) | Evolved into the first amphibians |
| c. | Dinosaurs | (iii) | Disappeared about 65 mya |
| d. | Reptiles | (iv) | Carnivorous, 20 feet in height |
| (a) | The first mammals were like Macaca. |
| (b) | Due to continental drift, North American animals were overridden by south American fauna. |
| (c) | Pouched mammals of Australia survived because of lack of competition from metatherians. |
| (d) | Seals and sea cows are terrestrial mammals. |
| Assertion (A): | In terms of determination, evolution is a directed process |
| Reason (R): | Nature selects those variants which are able to reproduce better and leave more progeny in the changed environmental conditions |
| 1. | (A) is true but (R) is false |
| 2. | (A) is false but (R) is true |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |