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Q. No.Consider the given two statements:
| Assertion (A): | Urea is the primary nitrogenous waste in humans. |
| Reason (R): | It is less toxic and more soluble in water compared to ammonia. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
Subtopic: Nitrogenous Excretory Products |
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To maintain the pH and ionic balance of the body fluids, the proximal convoluted tubule selectively secretes all the following into the filtrate except:
| I. | Hydrogen ion | II. | Potassium ion |
| III. | Ammonia | IV. | Bicarbonate ion |
1. I & II
2. II & III
3. II & IV
4. Only IV
Subtopic: Human Kidney: Location & Cut Section |
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Regarding the location of kidneys:
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
| I: | They are located at the level of T12 – L2 vertebrae |
| II: | Left kidney is slightly lower placed than the right kidney |
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
Subtopic: Human Kidney: Location & Cut Section |
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Vasa recta:
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II and III are correct
3. Only III is correct
4. I, II and III are correct
| I: | is a fine capillary network around the renal tubule formed by efferent arteriole. |
| II: | runs parallel to the Henle’s loop in juxtamedullary nephrons. |
| III: | is absent or highly reduced in cortical nephrons. |
2. Only II and III are correct
3. Only III is correct
4. I, II and III are correct
Subtopic: Human Kidney: Functions |
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Identify the correct statements:
| I: | Each kidney of an adult human measures 10-12 cm in length, 5-7 cm in width and 2-3 cm in thickness. |
| II: | The DCTs of many nephrons open into a straight tube called collecting duct. |
| III: | Each nephron has two parts – the glomerulus and the renal tubule. |
| IV: | The renal tubule begins with the proximal convoluted tubule. |
| 1. | Only I and II | 2. | Only I, II and III |
| 3. | Only II and III | 4. | I, II, III and IV |
Subtopic: Human Kidney: Functions | Human Kidney: Location & Cut Section |
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Potassium ions:
| I: | are filtered at the glomerulus |
| II: | are reabsorbed at the PCT |
| III: | are secreted at DCT |
| 1. | I & II only | 2. | I & III only |
| 3. | II & III only | 4. | I, II & III |
Subtopic: Formation of Urine |
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Given below are two statements:
| Assertion (A): | Na+ reabsorption from glomerular filtrate occurs in PCT, ascending limb of loop of Henle and collecting duct |
| Reason (R): | Na+ is always reabsorbed by passive process in PCT, ascending limb of loop of Henle and collecting duct |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
Subtopic: Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration |
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Complete the analogy with respect to reabsorption
PCT : Glucose and amino acids :: DCT : _____
1. K+ and H+
2. H+ and
3. NaCl and
4. K+ and H2O
Subtopic: Formation of Urine |
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Excretion of dilute urine requires
| 1. | relative permeability of the distal tubule to water |
| 2. | transport of sodium and chloride ions out of the descending loop of Henle |
| 3. | the presence of ADH |
| 4. | impermeability of the collecting tubule to water |
Subtopic: Formation of Urine |
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Consider the given two statements:
1. Assertion is true but Reason is false
2. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason correctly explains the Assertion
3. Assertion is false but Reason is true
4. Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason does not correctly explain the Assertion
| Assertion: | The ascending limb of loop of Henle is also called the diluting segment of the nephron. |
| Reason: | In the ascending portion, the loop becomes impermeable to water and the cells of the loop actively reabsorb solutes from the luminal fluid. |
2. Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason correctly explains the Assertion
3. Assertion is false but Reason is true
4. Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason does not correctly explain the Assertion
Subtopic: Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration 1 | Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration 2 | Formation of Urine: Ultrafiltration |
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