| Assertion (A): | Plant and animal kingdoms have been constant under all different classification systems. | 
| Reason (R): | The understanding of what groups/organisms are included under these kingdoms have been changing over the time. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). | 
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. | 
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. | 
| I: | All bacteria are autotrophic. | 
| II: | Bacteria can only survive on dead organic matter. | 
| III: | All bacterial cells are surrounded by a thick peptidoglycan cell wall. | 
The members of Kingdom Monera and Kingdom Protista in Whittaker’s five kingdom classification resemble each other in:
| 1. | Cell type | 2. | Body organization | 
| 3. | Nature of cell wall | 4. | Nuclear membrane | 
| A: | Methanogens are archaebacteria. | 
| B: | Blue green algae are unicellular algae. | 
| C: | Mycoplasma are true bacteria. | 
| I: | Bacteria reproduce sexually | 
| II: | Transformation of a bacterial cell is sexual reproduction | 
| Assertion(A): | Archaebacteria can survive in extreme harsh habitats. | 
| Reason(R): | Archaebacterial cell wall has peptidoglycan that helps them survive in harsh habitats. | 
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) | 
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) | 
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False | 
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True | 
| (i) | It was given by George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker | 
| (ii) | It was based on natural affinities among the organisms | 
| (iii) | It takes into account not only the external features but also internal features | 
| (iv) | Internal features like ultrastructure, anatomy, embryology and phytochemistry are also considered | 
| (v) | Evolution is also taken into account | 
| 1. | Two | 2. | Four | 
| 3. | Three | 4. | Five | 
The diagram shows the presence of a pathogen amongst RBCs in the peripheral blood smear of a patient. Even though the shape is very easy to identify, the structure highlighted in the circle should enable you to identify the pathogen easily. It is:
| 1. | Trypanosoma | 2. | Plasmodium | 
| 3. | Schistosoma | 4. | Clonorchis | 
| (a) | Are chief producers in the ocean | 
| (b) | Have silica impregnated cell membrane | 
| (c) | Are called flagellated golden protists | 
| (d) | Lack chlorophyll a |