The European Federation of Biotechnology [EFB] defines biotechnology as:
1. The use of living cells and bacteria in industrial and scientific processes.
2. The integration of natural sciences and organisms, cells, parts thereof, and molecular analogues for products and services.
3. The use of biology to solve problems and make useful products.
4. The use of biology to develop new products, methods and organisms intended to improve human health and society.
Subtopic:  Introduction & History: I |
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Two core techniques that enabled birth of modern biotechnology are:
A: Techniques to alter the chemistry of genetic material, to introduce these into host organisms and thus change the phenotype of the host organism.
B: Maintenance of sterile ambience in chemical engineering process to enable growth of only the desired microbes/eukaryotic cell in large quantities for the manufacture of biotechnological products. 
 
1. A is called as Genetic Engineering and B is called as Biophysical engineering.
2. A is called as Genomics and B is called as Bioprocess engineering.
3. A is called as Genetic Engineering and B is called as Bioprocess engineering.
4. A is called as Genomics and B is called as Biophysical engineering.
Subtopic:  Introduction & History |
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Bioprocessing engineering deals with:

1. the search for plant and animal species from which medicinal drugs and other commercially valuable compounds can be obtained.
2. developing methods and software tools for understanding biological data.
3. production of active pharmaceutical substances in genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
4. maintenance of sterile ambience in chemical engineering processes.
Subtopic:  Introduction & History: I |
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What limitation of traditional hybridization procedures used in plant and animal breeding can be overcome by recombinant DNA procedures?

I: Inclusion and multiplication of undesirable genes
II: Inability of inclusion of desirable traits from other species
 
1. Only I 2. Only II
3. Both I and II 4. Neither I nor II
Subtopic:  Selectable Markers | Tools |
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A piece of DNA, somehow transferred into an alien organism, will be able to multiply itself in the progeny cells of organism if:

1. It includes the centromere
2. It becomes a part of chromosome
3. It does not contain any intron sequences
4. It is a single stranded polynucleotide

Subtopic:  Cloning Vector |
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For the multiplication of any alien piece of DNA in an organism, it needs to be part of a chromosome that has a specific:

1. Telomeric sequence 2. Multiple cloning sites
3. Ori 4. Selectable marker
Subtopic:  Cloning Vector |
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The work of which of the following scientists led to the establishment of the discipline of modern biotechnology?

1. Banting and Best 2. Bolivar and Rodriguez
3. Hershey and Chase 4. Cohen and Boyer
Subtopic:  Restriction Enzymes - Main Enzymes |
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The construction of first rDNA emerged from the possibility of linking a gene encoding antibiotic resistance with a native plasmid of:

1. Salmonella typhimurium 2. Escherechia coli
3. Agrobacterium tumefaciens 4. Haemophilus influenzae
Subtopic:  Restriction Enzymes - Main Enzymes | Cloning Vector |
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In recombinant DNA experiments, a vector:

1. carries DNA into a new cell 
2. links together newly joined fragments of DN
3. makes millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA
4. separates fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges
Subtopic:  Cloning Vector |
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The term ‘molecular scissors’ is used for:
1. restriction enzymes 2. Taq polymerase
3. reverse transcriptase 4. DNA ligase
Subtopic:  Introduction & History |
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