| 1. | common set of functions in groups of different ancestry. |
| 2. | dissimilar set of functions in closely related groups. |
| 3. | common set of structures in closely related groups. |
| 4. | dissimilar set of functions in unrelated groups. |
| Assertion (A): | Same structure developed along different directions due to adaptations to different needs is called divergent evolution. |
| Reason (R): | These structures are homologous. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | (A) is false but (R) is true. |
| 1. | Life arose from living form only. |
| 2. | Life can arise from both living and non-living. |
| 3. | Life can arise from non-living things only. |
| 4. | Life arises spontaneously, neither from the living and nor from non-living. |
| Column I | Column II | ||
| A. | Homo habilis | P. | More ape like |
| B. | Homo erectus | Q. | More man like |
| C. | Dryopithecus | R. | Probably did not eat meat. |
| D. | Ramapitehcus | S. | Probably ate meat. |
| A | B | C | D | |
| 1. | R | S | P | Q |
| 2. | S | R | P | Q |
| 3. | S | R | Q | P |
| 4. | R | S | Q | P |
| Assertion(A): | Pouched mammals survived in the continent of Australia. |
| Reason(R): | Due to continental drift, pouched mammals of Australia did not face competition from any other mammals. |
| 1. | (A) is false but (R) is true |
| 2. | (A) is true but (R) is false |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
| (a) | Climatic changes killed them. |
| (b) | Most of them evolved into birds. |