1. A| 1. | contains water, sap, excretory product and other materials not useful for the cell. |
| 2. | store enzymes capable of digesting carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. |
| 3. | are formed by engulfing the food particles. |
| 4. | are important for osmoregulation and excretion. |
| Statement I: | Mature sieve tube elements of vascular plants and mature human erythrocytes are not considered as ‘living’ cells. |
| Statement II: | Mature sieve tube elements of vascular plants and mature human erythrocytes lack a nucleus. |
The arrangement of axonemal microtubules in cilia and flagellum is referred to as 9 + 2 array which essentially means that the axoneme has:
| 1. | nine doublets of radially arranged peripheral microtubules and two doublets of centrally located microtubules enclosed by a central sheath. |
| 2. | nine triplets of radially arranged peripheral microtubules and a pair of centrally located microtubules enclosed by a central sheath. |
| 3. | nine triplets of radially arranged peripheral microtubules and a centrally located protein hub not enclosed by a central sheath. |
| 4. | nine doublets of radially arranged peripheral microtubules and a pair of centrally located microtubules enclosed by a central sheath. |
Identify the correctly matched pairs:
| I: | Anton Von Leeuwenhoek |
first saw and described a live cell |
| II: | Robert Brown | discovered the nucleus |
| III: | Matthias Schleiden | was a German zoologist |
| IV: | Theodor Schwann | was a British botanist |
1. Only I and II
2. Only I and III
3. I, II, III and IV
4. Only III and IV
| I: | independent existence |
| II: | performing the essential functions of life |
| 1. | Extensive compartmentalisation of cytoplasm. |
| 2. | The presence of membrane bound organelles. |
| 3. | An organised nucleus with a nuclear envelope. |
| 4. | Genetic material organised into chromosomes. |
| I: | It is mainly composed of lipids and proteins. |
| II: | The major lipids are phospholipids, that are arranged in a bilayer. |
| III: | The lipids are arranged within the membrane with the hydrophobic head towards the outer sides and the polar tails towards the inner part. |
| IV: | In addition to phospholipids, membrane also contains cholesterol. |
| V: | Peripheral proteins lie on the surface of membrane while the integral proteins are partially or totally buried in the membrane |
| a. | Frequently observed in the cells actively involved in protein synthesis and secretion |
| b. | Extensive and continuous with the outer membrane of the nucleus |
| c. | The major site for synthesis of lipid |
| d. | Synthesis of lipid-like steroidal hormones in animal cells |
| 1. | a and b | 2. | c and d |
| 3. | a and c | 4. | b and d |