Read the following statements and choose the option that correctly states them as true (T) or false (F) with respect to the human excretory system:
(a)
The cortex extends in between the medullary pyramids as calyx.
(b)
Vasa recta is absent or highly reduced in cortical nephrons.
(c)
Kidney is situated between the levels of the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebra close to the dorsal inner wall of the abdominal cavity.
(a) (b) (c)
1. F T T
2. T F F
3. F F T
4. F T F
Subtopic: Human Kidney: Location & Cut Section | Nephron Part 1 | Nephron Part 2 |
80%
Level 1: 80%+
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Select the correct statement from the following:
| 1. | Kidneys are reddish brown, round-shaped structures situated between the levels of the last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra. |
| 2. | Kidneys are close to the dorsal inner wall of the abdominal cavity. |
| 3. | Each kidney of adult human measures 0.5 - 0.7 m in width, 0.2 – 0.3 m in thickness with an average weight of 120 – 150 g. |
| 4. | Towards the centre of the inner convex surface of the kidney is a notch called the hilum through which the ureter, blood vessels, and nerves pass. |
Subtopic: Human Kidney: Location & Cut Section |
66%
Level 2: 60%+
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Identify the structure shown in the given figure and select the correct statements regarding it:
Statement I: The structure is a protonephridium and it plays an important role in excretion but not in osmoregulation.
Statement II: It is seen in Amphioxus, flatworms and rotifers.
1. Only Statement I
2. Only Statement II
3. Both Statement I and Statement II
4. Neither Statement I nor Statement I
Statement I: The structure is a protonephridium and it plays an important role in excretion but not in osmoregulation.
Statement II: It is seen in Amphioxus, flatworms and rotifers.
1. Only Statement I
2. Only Statement II
3. Both Statement I and Statement II
4. Neither Statement I nor Statement I
Subtopic: Nitrogenous Excretory Products |
70%
Level 2: 60%+
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Assertion (A): Counter current mechanism operates in juxta-medullary nephrons.
Reason (R): In juxta-medullary nephrons loop of Henle is present only in cortex region and in close proximity with vasa recta.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. Both (A) and (R) are false.
Reason (R): In juxta-medullary nephrons loop of Henle is present only in cortex region and in close proximity with vasa recta.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. Both (A) and (R) are false.
Subtopic: Human Kidney: Location & Cut Section | Nephron Part 1 | Nephron Part 2 |
72%
Level 2: 60%+
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Assertion (A): Diabetes insipidus is marked by excessive urination and too much thirst.
Reason (R): Anti-Diuretic hormone (ADH) is released from posterior lobe of pituitary gland
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. Both (A) and (R) are false.
Reason (R): Anti-Diuretic hormone (ADH) is released from posterior lobe of pituitary gland
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. Both (A) and (R) are false.
Subtopic: Autoregulation of GFR | Micturition Reflex |
75%
Level 2: 60%+
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Assertion (A): In the descending limb of loop of Henle, the urine is hypertonic while in ascending limb of loop of Henle, the urine is hypotonic
Reason (R): Descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water, and ascending limb is impermeable to salts
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. Both (A) and (R) are false.
Reason (R): Descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water, and ascending limb is impermeable to salts
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. Both (A) and (R) are false.
Subtopic: Nephron Part 1 | Nephron Part 2 |
63%
Level 2: 60%+
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Assertion (A): Atrial Natriuretic Factor is released by wall of atria.
Reason (R): It inhibits the release of renin from juxtaglomerular apparatus.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. Both (A) and (R) are false.
Reason (R): It inhibits the release of renin from juxtaglomerular apparatus.
1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
4. Both (A) and (R) are false.
Subtopic: Autoregulation of GFR |
61%
Level 2: 60%+
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In a juxtamedullary nephron, which part dips deep into the renal medulla?
1. Malpighian corpuscle
2. PCT
3. DCT
4. Loop of Henle
1. Malpighian corpuscle
2. PCT
3. DCT
4. Loop of Henle
Subtopic: Nephron Part 1 | Nephron Part 2 |
93%
Level 1: 80%+
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Consider the two statements:
| Assertion (A): | ANF mechanism acts as a check on the renin-angiotensin mechanism. |
| Reason (R): | ANF can cause vasodilation (dilation of blood vessels) and thereby decrease blood pressure. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
Subtopic: Autoregulation of GFR |
84%
Level 1: 80%+
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Consider the given two statements:
1. Statement I is correct; Statement II is correct
2. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct
3. Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect
4. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect
| Statement I: | Protonephridia or flame cells are the excretory structures in Aschelminthes. |
| Statement II: | Reptiles, birds, land snails, and insects are uricotelic animals. |
2. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is correct
3. Statement I is correct; Statement II is incorrect
4. Statement I is incorrect; Statement II is incorrect
Subtopic: Nitrogenous Excretory Products |
74%
Level 2: 60%+
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