The partial pressures (in mm Hg) of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) at alveoli (the site of diffusion) are :
1. pO2 = 95 and pCO2 = 40
2. pO2 = 159 and pCO2 = 0.3
3. pO2 = 104 and pCO2 = 40
4. pO2 = 40 and pCO2 = 45
Select the favorable conditions required for the formation of oxyhemoglobin at the alveoli.
1. High pO2, high pCO2, less H+, higher temperature
2. Low pO2, low pCO2, more H+, higher temperature
3. High pO2, low pCO2, less H+, lower temperature
4. Low pO2 high pCO2 more H+, higher temperature
Match the following columns and select the correct option:
Column I | Column II | ||
(a) | Pneumotaxic Centre | (i) | Alveoli |
(b) | O2 Dissociation curve | (ii) | Pons region of the brain |
(c) | Carbonic Anhydrase | (iii) | Haemoglobin |
(d) | Primary site of exchange of gases | (iv) | R.B.C. |
Options: | (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) |
1. | (i) | (iii) | (ii) | (iv) |
2. | (ii) | (iii) | (iv) | (i) |
3. | (iii) | (ii) | (iv) | (i) |
4. | (iv) | (i) | (iii) | (ii) |
The Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is the total volume of air accommodated in the lungs at the end of forced inspiration.
This includes:
1. | RV; IC (Inspiratory Capacity); EC (Expiratory Capacity); and ERV |
2. | RV; ERV; IC and EC |
3. | RV; ERV; VC (Vital Capacity) and FRC (Functional Residual Capacity) |
4. | RV (Residual Volume); ERV (Expiratory Reserve Volume); TV (Tidal Volume); and IRV (Inspiratory Reserve Volume) |
1. | Inspiratory reserve volume is less than expiratory reserve volume |
2. | Residual volume in a healthy male is about 2500 to 3000 ml |
3. | Functional residual capacity should be more than expiratory capacity |
4. | Total lung capacity + residual volume = Vital capacity |
1. | Every 100 ml of oxygenated blood can deliver around 5 ml of oxygen to the tissue under normal physiological conditions. |
2. | Oxygen gas has most potent effect on the central chemoreceptors and plays most vital role in regulation of respiration |
3. | Nearly 70 percent of carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate in the blood. |
4. | Every 100 ml of deoxygenated blood delivers about 4 ml of carbon dioxide to the alveoli. |
I. Alveolar epithelium | II. Vascular endothelium |
1. | Only I | 2. | Only II |
3. | Both I and II | 4. | Neither I nor II |