When certain exotic species are introduced into a geographical area, they become invasive mainly because:

1. The invaded land has unlimited resources for the introduced species

2. The invaded land does not have its natural predator

3. The population of the introduced species in the invaded land is very low

4. Introduced species do not face any competition in the introduced land

In a field experiment, when all Pisaster starfish were removed from an enclosed intertidal area, the result was:

1. Increase in diversity of invertebrates

2. Extinction of many invertebrate species

3. Inability of the Pisaster to enter the area again

4. Replacement of Pisaster by other starfish

A species whose distribution is restricted to a small geographical area because of the presence of a competitively superior species is found to expand its distributional range dramatically when the competing species is experimentally removed. This is called:

1. Competitive Exclusion

2. Competitive Release

3. Competitive Supremacy

4. Competitive Inclusion

Which of the following is not an ectoparasite?

1. Lice on humans

2. Copepods on marine fishes

3. Mistletoe on other plants

4. Female Anopheles on humans

To get pollinated by a bee, the Mediterranean Orchid, Ophrys, employs:

1. Sexual deceit

2. Pseudo-copulation

3. Reward in the form of Nectar

4. Place for laying eggs

While heat gain or heat loss is the function of ______, heat production is the function of ________ of the body of an animal.

1. Volume; Surface area

2. Surface area; Volume

3. Volume; Volume

4. Surface area; Surface area

In the logistic growth equation given below, the carrying capacity is represented by:

        dN/dT = rN(K-N)/K

1. N

2. r

3. K

4. K-N/K

The plant Cuscuta is a:

1. Partial root parasite
2. Partial stem parasite
3. Total root parasite
4. Total stem parasite

Which one of the following are important biotic factors that can affect the structure and organization of biological communities?

1. Temperature and rainfall

2. Nutrient availability and soil pH

3. Predation and competition

4. Light intensity and seasonality

In a tide pool, 15 species of invertebrates were reduced to 8 after one species was removed. The removed species may be a:

1. Parasite                   

2. Mutualist

3. Top predator           

4. Herbivore