Alkyl groups act as electron donors when attached to a π system due to:

1.	Inductive effect	2.	Mesomeric effect
3.	Resonance	4.	Hyperconjugation

An electrophile among the following is :

Which of the following reactions is an elimination reaction?

Geometrical isomerism can be shown by:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Free radical formation will take place in :

1.
2.
3.
4.

The effect that can explain the given order of acidity of the carboxylic acids is-

Cl₃CCOOH > Cl₂CHCOOH > ClCH₂COOH

1. +I effect

2. -I effect

3. +E effect

4. -E effect

The purification method based on the difference in solubilities of the compound and the impurities in a solvent is -
1. Crystallisation
2. Distillation
3. Chromatography
4. Isolation

The 3° carbon atom in the given structure is :
\(\mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_3\right)-\mathrm{CH}_2-\mathrm{CH}_3\\ ~~a~~~~~~~~~~~b~~~~~~~~~~~~~c~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~d~~~~~~~~~~~e\)

1. a

2. b

3. c

4. e 

In which of the following compounds, the carbon marked with an asterisk is most electronegative?

1. ${\mathrm{CH}}_3-{\mathrm{CH}}_2-*{\mathrm{CH}}_2-{\mathrm{CH}}_3$

2. ${\mathrm{CH}}_3-*\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}-{\mathrm{CH}}_3$

3. ${\mathrm{CH}}_3-{\mathrm{CH}}_2-\mathrm{C}\equiv *\mathrm{CH}$

4. ${\mathrm{CH}}_3-{\mathrm{CH}}_2-\mathrm{CH}=*{\mathrm{CH}}_2$

The fragrance of flowers is due to the presence of some steam volatile organic compounds called essential oils. These are generally insoluble in water at room temperature but are miscible with water vapor in the vapor phase. A suitable method for the extraction of these oils from the flowers is