Emerson's enhancement effect and Red drop have been instrumental in the discovery of:

(1) Photophosphorylation and non-cyclic electron transport

(2) Two photosystems operating simultaneously

(3) Photophosphorylation and cyclic electron transport

(4) Oxidative phosphorylation

One scientist cultured Cladophora in a suspension of Azotobacter and illuminated the culture by splitting light through a prism. He observed that bacteria accumulated mainly in the region of:

1. Violet and green light

2. Indigo and green light

3. Orange and yellow light

4. Blue and red light

In Hatch and Slack pathway, the primary CO₂ acceptor is -

1. Oxaloacetic acid

2. Phosphoglyceric acid

3. Phosphoenol pyruvate

4. Rubisco

First action spectrum of photosynthesis was described by:
1. Joseph Priestley
2. T. W. Engelmann
3. Robin Hill
4. C. B. van Neil

During oxygenic photosynthesis in chloroplasts, the liberated oxygen comes from ______ and the reactions leading to its liberation are associated with ______.
1. CO₂, PS II
2. H₂O, PSII
3. CO₂, Calvin cycle
4. H₂O, PS I

Where are the carriers of the electrons located in a chloroplast?
1. within thylakoid membranes
2. in the intra thylakoid space
3. within the inner membrane
4. in the intermembrane space [between outer and inner membrane]

Calvin cycle consumes more ATP than NADPH. What is the source of this extra ATP needed?
1. PS I
2. PS II
3. Cyclic electron flow
4. Linear electron flow

An increased leakiness of the thylakoid membrane will directly effect:
1. the photolysis of water
2. synthesis of ATP
3. electron flow from PSII to PSI
4. The reduction of NADP⁺

The catalytic knobs of ATP synthetase in a thylakoid membrane is located:
1. on the side facing the thylakoid space.
2. on the stroma side of the membrane.
3. embedded deep within the membrane
4. on the pigments molecules of Photosystems

Carbon dioxide provided to a C4 plant is radioactively labeled. As the photosynthesis in this plant gets underway, radioactivity if expected to occur first in:
1. Oxaloacetic acid
2. PEP
3. Malic acid
4. RuBP