Q. No.
The minimum amount of urine output per day required to eliminate the nitrogenous wastes produced during normal metabolism in a day will be:
1. 400 ml
2. 700 ml
3. 1000 ml
4. 1500 ml
1. 400 ml
2. 700 ml
3. 1000 ml
4. 1500 ml
The proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron is lined by:
1. simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium
2. simple ciliated columnar epithelium
3. compound cuboidal brush bordered epithelium
4. simple cuboidal brush bordered epithelium
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In hemodialysis, the role of artificial kidney is actually played by:
| 1. | Dialysate | 2. | Blood pump |
| 3. | Water system | 4. | Cellulose membrane |
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What percent of filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules in human kidneys?
| 1. | Less than 5% | 2. | About 50% |
| 3. | About 70% | 4. | More than 99% |
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The increasing gradient of osmolarity in medullary interstitium, during concentration of urine, is mainly caused by reabsortion of:
| 1. | NaCl from ascending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by collecting duct |
| 2. | NaCl from descending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by collecting duct |
| 3. | NaCl from ascending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by PCT |
| 4. | NaCl from descending limb of loop of Henle and of urea by PCT |
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An excessive loss of body fluid can:
| 1. | activate osmoreceptors, stimulating hypothalamus to release ADH and thereby preventing diuresis |
| 2. | switch off osmoreceptors, suppressing release of ADH promoting diuresis |
| 3. | activate osmoreceptors, stimulating hypothalamus to release ADH and thereby promoting diuresis |
| 4. | switch off osmoreceptors, suppressing release of ADH preventing diuresis |
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Urine in ureter is drained directly from:
| 1. | Collecting duct | 2. | Papilla |
| 3. | Renal pelvis | 4. | Major calyces |
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Sterols, hydrocarbons and waxes can be eliminated through:
| 1. | Saliva | 2. | Sweat |
| 3. | Sebum | 4. | Tears |
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Identify the incorrectly matched pair [assume normal physiological conditions]:
| 1. | GFR – 125 ml/min |
| 2. | Amount of urea produced – 25 to 30 mg/day |
| 3. | Average urine output – 1 to 1.5 liter/day |
| 4. | Average amount of blood filtered by kidney – 1100 to 1200 ml/min |
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