Match the items in Column-I with those in Column-II:
| Column-I | Column-II | ||
| (a) | Herbivores-Plants | (i) | Commensalism |
| (b) | Mycorrhiza-Plants | (ii) | Mutualism |
| (c) | Sheep-Cattle | (iii) | Predation |
| (d) | Orchid-Tree | (iv) | Competition |
Select the correct option from the following:
| Options: | (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) |
| 1. | (iv) | (ii) | (i) | (iii) |
| 2. | (iii) | (ii) | (iv) | (i) |
| 3. | (ii) | (i) | (iii) | (iv) |
| 4. | (i) | (iii) | (iv) | (ii) |
The impact of immigration on population density is:
| 1. | Negative |
| 2. | Both positive and negative |
| 3. | Neutralized by natality |
| 4. | Positive |
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
| 1. | Biomass decreases from first to fourth trophic level. |
| 2. | Energy content gradually increases from first to fourth trophic level. |
| 3. | Number of individuals decreases from first trophic level to fourth trophic level. |
| 4. | Energy content gradually decreases from first to fourth trophic level. |
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the phosphorus cycle?
| 1. | Phosphates are the major form of phosphorus reservoir. |
| 2. | Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria facilitate the release of phosphorus from organic remains. |
| 3. | There is an appreciable respiratory release of phosphorus into the atmosphere. |
| 4. | It is a sedimentary cycle. |
The rate of decomposition is faster in the ecosystem due to the following factors, except:
| 1. | Detritus rich in sugars |
| 2. | Warm and moist environment |
| 3. | Presence of aerobic soil microbes |
| 4. | Detritus richer in lignin and chitin |
According to Alexander von Humboldt :
| 1. | Species richness decreases with increasing area of exploration |
| 2. | Species richness increases with the increasing area, but only up to a limit |
| 3. | There is no relationship between species richness and the area explored |
| 4. | Species richness goes on increasing with increasing area of exploration |
In the following, in each set, a conservation approach and an example of a method of conservation are given.
| (a) | In-situ conservation - Biosphere Reserve |
| (b) | Ex-situ conservation - Sacred groves |
| (c) | In-situ conservation - Seed bank |
| (d) | Ex-situ conservation - Cryopreservation |
Select the option with the correct match of approach and method:
| 1. | (a) and (c) | 2. | (a) and (d) |
| 3. | (b) and (d) | 4. | (a) and (b) |
A species that was introduced for ornamentation but has become a troublesome weed in India:
1. Parthenium hysterophorus
2. Eichhornia crassipes
3. Prosopis juliflora
4. Trapa Spinosa
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was amended in 1987 to include among pollutants:
1. Vehicular exhaust
2. Allergy causing pollen
3. Noise
4. Particulates of size 2.5 micrometer or below
According to the Central Pollution Control Board [CPCB] what size (in diameter) of particulate is responsible for causing greater harm to human health?
1. 3.5 micrometers
2. 2.5 micrometers
3. 4.0 micrometers
4. 3.0 micrometers
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