| 1. | Sporopollenin can be degraded by enzymes |
| 2. | Sporopollenin in made up of inorganic materials |
| 3. | Sporopollenin can withstand high temperatures as well as strong acids and alkalis |
| 4. | Sporopollenin can withstand high temperatures but not strong acids |
| 1. | Carrion | 2. | Insects |
| 3. | Tree buds | 4. | Seeds |
| 1. | Aerobic nitrate oxidation, and nitrite reduction |
| 2. | Decomposition of organic nitrogen, and conversion of dinitrogen to ammonium compounds |
| 3. | Enteric fermentation in cattle, and nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium in root nodules of legumes |
| 4. | Anaerobic ammonium oxidation, and denitrification |
| 1. | Increases blood glucose levels by stimulating glucagon production |
| 2. | Decreases blood glucose levels by forming glycogen |
| 3. | Increases blood glucose level by promoting cellular uptake of glucose |
| 4. | Increases blood glucose levels by hydrolysis of glycogen |
| 1. | It protects the bacterium from desiccation |
| 2. | It provides means of locomotion |
| 3. | It allows the bacterium to "hide" from the host's immune system. |
| 4. | It allows the bacterium to attach to the surface |