| 1. | Over-exploitation; Alien species invasions; Air pollution; Co-extinctions |
| 2. | Habitat loss and fragmentation; over-exploitation; Alien species invasions; Co-extinctions |
| 3. | Habitat loss and fragmentation; Air pollution; Water pollution; Co-extinctions |
| 4. | Over-exploitation; Alien species invasions; Soil pollution; Co-extinctions |
| 1. | Nucleolus | 2. | Chromatin |
| 3. | Centrosome | 4. | Kinetochore |
| List-I | List-II | ||
| A. | \(G_1\) phase | I. | Actual cell division occurs |
| B. | S phase | II. | Cell is metabolically active and continuously grows but does not replicate its DNA |
| C. | \(G_2\) phase | III. | Synthesis of DNA occurs and the amount of DNA per cell doubles |
| D. | M phase | IV. | Proteins are synthesized while cell growth continues |
| 1. | A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I | 2. | A-III, B-IV C-I D-II |
| 3. | A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV | 4. | A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III |
| List-I | List-II | ||
| A. | Productivity | I. | Cross primary productivity minus respiration losses |
| B. | Net primary productivity | II. | Rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers |
| C. | Gross primary productivity | III. | Rate of biomass production |
| D. | Secondary productivity | IV. | Rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis |
| 1. | A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV |
| 2. | A-III, B-I C-IV D-II |
| 3. | A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV |
| 4. | A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II |
| A. | The Amazon rainforest being cut and cleared for cultivation of soyabeans is an example of habitat loss. |
| B. | Steller's sea cow and passenger pigeon became extinct due to over-exploitation by humans. |
| C. | The Nile perch introduced into Lake Victoria in East Africa helped in population growth of cichlid fish in the lake. |
| D. | Water hyacinth is an invasive species. |
| E. | When a species becomes extinct, the plant and animal species associated with it are not affected. |
| 1. | B, C and D only |
| 2. | A, B and D only |
| 3. | A, B and E only |
| 4. | C, D and E only |
| A. | Lipids are generally water-soluble. |
| B. | Proteins are polypeptides |
| C. | Polysaccharides are long chains of sugars. |
| D. | Adenine and guanine are substituted pyrimidines. |
| E. | Almost all enzymes are proteins. |
| 1. | C, D and E only | 2. | B, C and E only |
| 3. | B, D and E only | 4. | A, B and C only |
| 1. | 18 ATP and 12 NADPH |
| 2. | 6 ATP and 12 NADPH |
| 3. | 24 ATP and 18 NADPH |
| 4. | 12 ATP and 18 NADPH |
| A. | They are called molecular scissors. |
| B. | These are the enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophages in E. coli. |
| C. | They cut the DNA only at the centre of the palindromic sites. |
| D. | They remove nucleotides only from the ends of DNA fragments. |
| E. | They recognise specific palindromic base-pair sequences. |
| 1. | A and B only |
| 2. | D and E only |
| 3. | C and D only |
| 4. | A and E only |
| List-I | List-II | ||
| A. | Decomposition | I. | Accumulation of dark coloured amorphous colloidal substance |
| B. | Detritus | II. | Release of inorganic nutrients by the activity of microbes in soil |
| C. | Mineralisation | III. | Breaking down of complex organic matter into inorganic substances |
| D. | Humification | IV. | Dead remains of plants and animals including fecal matter |
| 1. | A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV | 2. | A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II |
| 3. | A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I | 4. | A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV |
| 1. | Selaginella | 2. | Funaria |
| 3. | Pinus | 4. | Wolffia |