| 1. | Coiling and condensation of chromatids |
| 2. | Spindle fibres attach to Kinetochores of chromosomes |
| 3. | Movement of centrioles towards opposite poles |
| 4. | Pairing of homologous chromosomes |
| 1. | It is necessitated by nature to maintain the ecological balance . |
| 2. | It helps in maintaining species diversity in a community. |
| 3. | It might lead to the extinction of a species. |
| 4. | Both the interacting species are negatively impacted. |
| 1. | c, d, e only | 2. | a, b, c only |
| 3. | b, c only | 4. | d, e only |
| 1. | Reduction of NADP to NADPH2 on the stroma side of the membrane |
| 2. | Breakdown of proton gradient |
| 3. | Breakdown of electron gradient |
| 4. | Movement of protons across the membrane to the stroma |
| Assertion (A): | Polymerase chain reaction is used in DNA amplification. |
| Reason (R): | The ampicillin resistant gene is used as a selectable marker to check transformation. |
| 1. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 4. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| Statement I: | The primary \(CO_2\) acceptor in \(C_4\) plants is phosphoenolpyruvate and is found in the mesophyll cells. |
| Statement II: | Mesophyll cells in \(C_4\) plants lack RuBisCO enzyme. |
| 1. | Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct. |
| 2. | Both Statement I and Statement II are correct. |
| 3. | Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect. |
| 4. | Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect. |
| 1. | Moths and butterflies are the most dominant pollinating agents among insects |
| 2. | Pollination by water is quite rare in flowering plants |
| 3. | Pollination by wind is more common amongst abiotic pollination |
| 4. | Flowers produce foul odours to attract flies and beetles to get pollinated |