Q. No.I: is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes (natural selection, common descent, speciation) that produced the diversity of life on Earth.
II: is also defined as the study of the history of life forms on Earth.
1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
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| Assertion (A): | When we look at stars on a clear night sky we are, in a way, looking back in time. |
| Reason (R): | When we see objects in our immediate surroundings we see them instantly and hence in the present time. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is true but (R) is false. |
| 4. | (A) is false but (R) is true. |
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| 1. | 20 billion years back | 2. | 10 billion years back |
| 3. | 4.5 billion years back | 4. | 3.0 billion years back |
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| I: | Water vapour, methane, carbon dioxide, and ammonia released from molten mass covered the surface. |
| II: | The UV rays from the sun broke up water into Hydrogen and Oxygen and the lighter H2 escaped. |
| III: | Oxygen combined with ammonia and methane to form water, CO2, and other gases. |
| IV: | As it cooled, the water vapour fell as rain, filling all the depressions and forming oceans. |
1. Only I, II and III are correct
2. Only I, II and IV are correct
3. Only II, III and IV are correct
4. All are correct
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Which theory, regarding the origin of life, is alternatively also called “panspermia”?
| 1. | Special Creation | 2. | Spontaneous Generation |
| 3. | Cosmozoan Theory | 4. | Biochemical Evolution |
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The theory of spontaneous generation stated that:
1. life arose from living forms only
2. life can arise from both living and non-living
3. life can arise from non-living things only
4. life arises spontaneously, neither from the living nor from the non-living
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| 1. | Spallanzani | 2. | Francesco Redi |
| 3. | Louis Pasteur | 4. | van Helmont |
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| I: | The first form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules (e.g. RNA, protein, etc.) |
| II: | The formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution, i.e., the formation of diverse organic molecules from inorganic constituents. |
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect
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For the stability of the organic compounds, Oparin opined that, probably:
| 1. | UV radiation never reached the surface of the primeval Earth |
| 2. | the primeval Earth was in a molten state |
| 3. | the primeval Earth atmosphere was reducing rather than oxidizing |
| 4. | plenty of energy sources were available for chemical reactions to occur |
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In 1953, S. L. Miller created primitive earth conditions in the laboratory and gave experimental evidence for the origin of the first form of life from pre-existing non-living organic molecules. The primitive earth conditions created include:
| 1. | low temperature, volcanic storms, an atmosphere rich in oxygen |
| 2. | low temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere |
| 3. | high temperature, volcanic storms, non-reducing atmosphere |
| 4. | high temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere containing CH4, NH3 etc. |
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