| 1. | Promotion of cell division actively |
| 2. | Breaking seed and bud dormancy |
| 3. | Inhibition of root growth completely |
| 4. | Increasing leaf expansion rapidly |
| A: | Horizontal growth of seedlings, swelling of the axis and apical hook formation in dicot seedlings |
| B: | Promotes senescence and abscission of plant organs especially of leaves and flowers. |
| C: | Enhances the respiration rate during ripening of the fruits. |
| I: | The most widely used compound as source of ethylene is ethephon. |
| II: | Ethephon in an aqueous solution is readily absorbed and transported within the plant and releases ethylene slowly. |