Statement I: | The gymnosperms are plants in which the ovules are not enclosed by any ovary wall and remain exposed, both before and after fertilisation. |
Statement II: | The seeds that develop post-fertilisation, are not covered, i.e., are naked. |
1. | They are heterosporous. |
2. | Male and female gametophytes do not have an independent existence. |
3. | They are not adapted to withstand extreme environmental conditions and are limited to cool, damp, and shady places remaining small in size. |
4. | Pollen grains are carried in air currents. |
I: | Needle like Leaves |
II: | Reproduce by spores |
III: | Male and female cones on the same plant |
1. | Pinus has coralloid roots associated with N2-fixing cyanobacteria, whereas Cycas has roots with fungal association in the form of mycorrhiza |
2. | Cycas is heterosporous, whereas Pinus is homosporous |
3. | Male cones and female megasporophylls are borne on different trees in Cycas, whereas they are borne on the same tree in Pinus |
4. | Stems of Cycas are branched, whereas Pinus has unbranched stems |