In the equation GPP - R = NPP,
R represents:
| 1. | Environment factor |
| 2. | Respiration losses |
| 3. | Radiant energy |
| 4. | Retardation factor |
| (a) | Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is the total rate of organic matter production through photosynthesis in plants. |
| (b) | Net Primary Productivity (NPP) is obtained by subtracting respiration losses (R) from GPP, representing the energy available to the next trophic level. |
| 1. | The rate of formation of new organic matter by producers |
| 2. | The rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers |
| 3. | The total amount of organic matter present in an ecosystem |
| 4. | The energy lost as heat during metabolic activities |
| 1. | 4300 | 2. | 2500 |
| 3. | 700 | 4. | 1800 |
| 1. | colour of the soil and the speed of wind in the area. |
| 2. | plant species present, environmental conditions, nutrient supply, and photosynthetic capacity. |
| 3. | total number of herbivore species present in the food web. |
| 4. | pressure exerted by decomposers on nutrient cycling. |
Productivity in an ecosystem at the producer level depends upon
| 1. | Availability of nutrients in the soil |
| 2. | Photosynthetic capacity of plants |
| 3. | Variety of environmental factors |
| 4. | All of these |
| Assertion (A): | Ocean ecosystems have lower productivity per unit area compared to terrestrial ecosystems. |
| Reason (R): | Nutrient availability and light penetration are limited in many ocean areas, restricting photosynthetic activity. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) explains (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not explain (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
The rate of formation of new organic matter by rabbit in grassland is called
1. net productivity
2. secondary productivity
3. net primary productivity
4. gross primary productivity