| I: | They do not take into account the same species belonging to two or more trophic levels. |
| II: | They do not accommodate a food web. |
| I: | The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food web. |
| II: | The trophic level represents species and not a functional level. |
| III: | A given organism occupies only one trophic level in a food chain. |
| IV: | The trophic level of an organism is the number of steps it is from the start of the chain. |
| 1. | Biomass, energy, or number of organisms at each trophic level in a food chain. |
| 2. | Interaction between different species within an ecosystem. |
| 3. | Migration patterns of different species in an ecosystem. |
| 4. | Reproductive success rate across different trophic levels. |
| Assertion (A): | In a terrestrial ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is generally upright. |
| Reason (R): | Producers have a higher biomass than that of consumers in terrestrial ecosystems. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
| I: | Pyramid of numbers |
| II: | Pyramid of biomass |
| III: | Pyramid of energy |