| Assertion (A): | One-third of all indigenous inhabitants of Sub-Saharan Africa carry the allele of sickle cell trait. |
| Reason (R): | In areas where malaria is common, there is a survival value in carrying only a single sickle-cell allele (sickle cell trait). |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True but the (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
| 2. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and the (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
Gene flow is :
| 1. | the emergence of new species from pre-existing species |
| 2. | the exchange of genes during fertilization |
| 3. | mating between close relatives |
| 4. | the movement of genes between species populations |