| Assertion (A): | Almost all fossils are preserved in sedimentary rock. |
| Reason (R): | Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at Earth's surface, followed by cementation. |
| 1. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
| 2. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
| Assertion (A): | Dark melanic peppered moth survive better in polluted environments. |
| Reason (R): | In polluted areas, dark melanic moths are able to camouflage themselves. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
| I: | They provide evidence of a series of organisms highlighting evolutionary transitions. |
| II: | They show that most species that have ever lived on Earth are still alive today. |
| 1. | is a determinist process. |
| 2. | only leads to evolution of species that are useful to humans. |
| 3. | usually is faster than the natural process. |
| 4. | is not at all related to mutations |
| a. | Homology indicates common ancestry. |
| b. | Sweet potato and potato are examples for homology. |
| c. | Analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution. |
| d. | Vertebrate hearts or brains are analogous structures. |
| 1. | a and b only | 2. | c and d only |
| 3. | a and c only | 4. | b and d only |