| (a) | Climatic changes killed them. |
| (b) | Most of them evolved into birds. |
| 1. | Punctuated equilibrium | 2. | Saltation |
| 3. | Allopatric speciation | 4. | Sympatric speciation |
| Assertion (A): | Evolution by natural selection, in a True sense would have started when cellular forms of life with differences in metabolic capability originated on earth. |
| Reason (R): | Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. |
| 1. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
| Assertion (A): | Classification of organisms into related groups should not solely be based on the morphological features. |
| Reason (R): | Convergent evolution results in unrelated organisms resembling each other. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains (A) |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain (A) |
| 3. | (A) is True, (R) is False |
| 4. | (A) is False, (R) is True |
| Assertion (A): | Lichens can be used as industrial pollution indicators. |
| Reason (R): | Lichens grow profusely in polluted areas. |
| 1. | (A) is True but (R) is False |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
| 3. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
| 4. | (A) is False but (R) is True |
| 1. | Jawless fish | 2. | Armoured fish |
| 3. | Lobe finned fish | 4. | Ray finned fish |