Study the four statements (a–d) given below and select the two correct ones out of them:
| (a) | A lion eating a deer and a sparrow feeding on grain are ecologically similar in being consumers |
| (b) | Predator starfish Pisaster helps in maintaining species diversity of some invertebrates |
| (c) | Predators ultimately lead to the extinction of prey species |
| (d) | Production of chemicals such as nicotine and strychnine by plants is metabolic disorder |
The two correct statements are:
1. a and d
2. a and b
3. b and c
4. c and d
| 1. | It is necessitated by nature to maintain the ecological balance . |
| 2. | It helps in maintaining species diversity in a community. |
| 3. | It might lead to the extinction of a species. |
| 4. | Both the interacting species are negatively impacted. |
| 1. | Cardiac glycosides | 2. | strychnine |
| 3. | toxic ricin | 4. | distasteful quinine |
| List-I | List-II | ||
| A. | Predator | I. | Ophrys |
| B. | Mutualism | II. | Pisaster |
| C. | Parasitism | III. | Female wasp and fig |
| D. | Sexual deceit | IV. | Plasmodium |
Which one of the following is most appropriately defined:
| 1. | Amensalism is a relationship in which one species is benefited whereas the other is unaffected |
| 2. | Predator is an organism that catches and kills other organism for food. |
| 3. | Parasite is an organism which always lives inside the body of another organism and may kill it. |
| 4. | Host is an organism which provides food to another organism. |
| List I (Interacting species) | List II (Name of Interaction) | ||
| A. | A Leopard and a Lion in a Forest/grassland | I. | Competition |
| B. | A Cuckoo laying an egg in a Crow's nest | II. | Brood parasitism |
| C. | Fungi and root of a higher plant mycorrhizae | III. | Mutualism |
| D. | A cattle egret and a Cattle in a field | IV. | Commensalism |
| Options: | A | B | C | D |
| 1. | II | III | I | IV |
| 2. | I | II | III | IV |
| 3. | I | II | IV | III |
| 4. | III | IV | I | II |
| List I (Interaction) |
List II (Species A and B) |
||
| A. | Mutualism | I. | +(A), O(B) |
| B. | Commensalism | II. | –(A), O(B) |
| C. | Amensalism | III. | +(A), –(B) |
| D. | Parasitism | IV | +(A), +(B) |
| Options: | A | B | C | D |
| 1. | III | I | IV | II |
| 2. | IV | II | I | II |
| 3. | IV | I | II | III |
| 4. | IV | III | I | II |
Match the items in Column-I with those in Column-II:
| Column-I | Column-II | ||
| (a) | Herbivores-Plants | (i) | Commensalism |
| (b) | Mycorrhiza-Plants | (ii) | Mutualism |
| (c) | Sheep-Cattle | (iii) | Predation |
| (d) | Orchid-Tree | (iv) | Competition |
Select the correct option from the following:
| Options: | (a) | (b) | (c) | (d) |
| 1. | (iv) | (ii) | (i) | (iii) |
| 2. | (iii) | (ii) | (iv) | (i) |
| 3. | (ii) | (i) | (iii) | (iv) |
| 4. | (i) | (iii) | (iv) | (ii) |