In a food chain, as we go from lower to higher trophic level, the energy:
1. becomes doubled at each step
2. increases irregularly
3. remains constant
4. decreases
Identify the incorrectly matched set:
(1) Carnivores-secondary or tertiary consumer
(2) Decomposers -microbial heterotrophs
(3) Herbivores - primary consumer
(4) Omnivores - molds, yeasts and mushrooms
If a bamboo plant is growing in a far forest then what will its trophic level be:
1. First trophic level (T1)
2. Second trophic level (T2)
3. Third trophic level (T3)
4. Fourth trophic level (T4)
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
| 1. | Biomass decreases from the first to fourth trophic level |
| 2. | Energy content gradually increases from the first to fourth trophic level |
| 3. | Number of individuals decreases from the first trophic level to the fourth trophic level |
| 4. | Energy content gradually decreases from the first to the fourth trophic level |
| Assertion (A): | Pyramid of energy is always upright, can never be inverted. |
| Reason (R): | When energy flows from a particular trophic level to the next trophic level, some energy is always lost as heat at each step.. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) correctly explains the (A) |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) does not correctly explain the (A) |
| 3. | (A) is True, (R) is False |
| 4. | (A) is False, (R) is True |
| Assertion (A): | The pyramid of biomass may be "inverted" in a pond ecosystem |
| Reason (R): | In a pond ecosystem, the standing crop of phytoplankton, the major producers, at any given point will be lower than the mass of the heterotrophs, such as fish and insects. |
| 1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and the (R) correctly explains (A). |
| 2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but the (R) does not correctly explain (A). |
| 3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
| 4. | Both (A) and (R) are False. |
| 1. | Trophic levels represent only plant species, with each species occupying a different level. |
| 2. | Each trophic level represents a functional role in an ecosystem, not necessarily specific species. |
| 3. | Trophic levels represent a fixed position for all species within a food web. |
| 4. | Each trophic level is determined solely by the organism's physical size. |