Two cells having the same emf, are connected in series through an external resistance R. Cells have internal resistance r₁ and r₂ respectively. When the circuit is closed, the potential difference across the first cell is zero. The value of R is:

1. $r_1-r_2$

2. $\frac{r_1+r_2}{2}$

3. $\frac{r_1-r_2}{2}$

4. $r_1+r_2$

Two batteries, one of emf \(18\) volts and internal resistance \(2~\Omega\) and the other of emf \(12\) V and internal resistance \(1~\Omega,\) are connected as shown. The voltmeter \(\mathrm{V}\) will record a reading of: 

1. \(18\) V
2. \(30\) V
3. \(14\) V
4. \(15\) V