Species Area relationship is described by the following equation.
log S = log C + Z log A
where Z is:
| 1. | Area | 2. | Species richness |
| 3. | Slope of the line | 4. | Y-intercept |
| (a) | Plants | (b) | Invertebrates |
| (c) | Fishes | (d) | Mammals |
| (e) | Birds |
| 1. | (a) > (b) > (e) > (d) > (c) | 2. | (a) > (c) > (d) > (b) > (e) |
| 3. | (b) > (a) > (e) > (d) > (c) | 4. | (b) > (a) > (c) > (e) > (d) |
According to Alexander von Humboldt :
| 1. | Species richness decreases with increasing area of exploration |
| 2. | Species richness increases with the increasing area, but only up to a limit |
| 3. | There is no relationship between species richness and the area explored |
| 4. | Species richness goes on increasing with increasing area of exploration |
Presence of plants arranged into well defined vertical layers depending on their height can be best seen in
(1) tropical savannah
(2) tropical rain forest
(3) grassland
(4) temperate forest
Alexander Von Humboldt described for the first time:
1. Laws of limiting factor
2. Species-Area relationships
3. Population Growth equations
4. Ecological Biodiversity