Assertion (A): | Some human organs like liver, kidney fail to function normally and transplantation is the only remedy to enable the patient to live a normal life. |
Reason (R): | Tissue matching and blood group matching are essential before undertaking any transplant and patient has to take immunosuppresant thereafter. |
1. | Both (A) and (R) are True and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) |
2. | Both (A) and (R) are True but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) |
3. | (A) is True but (R) is False. |
4. | (A) is False but (R) is True. |
List-I | List-II | ||
(A) | Cytokine barriers | (I) | Mucus coating of respiratory tract |
(B) | Cellular barriers | (II) | Interferons |
(C) | Physiological barriers | (III) | Neutrophils and Macrophages |
(D) | Physical barriers | (IV) | Tears and Saliva |
Options: | (A) | (B) | (C) | (D) |
1. | (II) | (III) | (IV) | (I) |
2. | (III) | (I) | (IV) | (II) |
3. | (III) | (I) | (II) | (IV) |
4. | (II) | (III) | (I) | (IV) |
1. | Acquired immunity is non-specific type of defense present at the time of birth. |
2. | Primary response is produced when our body encounters a pathogen for the first time. |
3. | Anamnestic response is elicited on subsequent encounters with the same pathogen. |
4. | Anamnestic response is due to memory of first encounter. |
Immuno-suppressants are administered to burn patients or during organ transplantation to suppress:
1. Innate immunity
2. Cytokine Storm
3. Humoral immunity
4. Cell-mediated immunity
1. | Inability of recipient to differentiate between 'self and 'non–self' tissues/cells |
2. | Humoral immune response only |
3. | Auto–immune response |
4. | Cell–mediated response |
List-I | List-II | ||
(a) | Cellular barrier | (i) | Interferons |
(b) | Cytokine barrier | (ii) | Mucus |
(c) | Physical barrier | (iii) | Neutrophils |
(d) | Physiological barrier | (iv) | HCI in gastric juice |
(a) | (b) | (c) | (d) | |
1. | (ii) | (iii) | (iv) | (i) |
2. | (ii) | (iii) | (i) | (iv) |
3. | (iii) | (iv) | (ii) | (i) |
4. | (iii) | (i) | (ii) | (iv) |
Identify the wrong statement with a reference to immunity.
1. | When ready-made antibodies are directly given, it is called “Passive immunity". |
2. | Active immunity is quick and gives a full response. |
3. | Foetus receives some antibodies from the mother, it is an example of passive immunity |
4. | When exposed to antigen(living or dead) antibodies are produced in the host's body. It is called "Active immunity |
Which of the following immune responses is responsible for the rejection of kidney graft?
1. Cell-mediated immune response
2. Auto-immune response
3. Humoral immune response
4. Inflammatory immune response
Humans have acquired an immune system that produces antibodies to neutralize pathogens. Still innate immune system is present at the time of birth because it:
1. | is very specific and uses different macrophages |
2. | produces memory cells for mounting a fast secondary response |
3. | has natural killer cells that can phagocytose and destroy microbes |
4. | provides passive immunity |