Assertion   :       Renal threshold of glucose is said to be 180 mg per 100 ml.

Reason      :       Glucose starts appearing in the urine when its blood level exceed 180 mg per 100 ml of blood.

1. If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion
2. If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion
3. If the assertion is true but the reason is false
4. If both the assertion and reason are false

Assertion   :       Earthworms excrete both ammonia and urea.

Reason      :       Excretion in earthworm depends on the environment.

Assertion   :       If human urine is allowed to stand for some time, it smells strongly of ammonid.

Reason      :       Main constituent of human urine is Ammonia.

Assertion   :       Birds can considerably reduce water loss in the urine.

Reason      :       Birds store urine along with faeces in the cloaca.

Assertion   :       The glomerular filtrate resembles the protein free plasma in composition and osmotic pressure.

Reason      :       The glomerular capillary wall and inner membrance of Bowman’s capsule are impermeable to large molecules.

Assertion             :       Kidneys maintain the osmotic concentration of the blood.

Reason      :       Kidneys eliminate either hypotonic or hypertonic urine according to the need of the body.

Assertion    :       During micturition, urine is prevented from flowing back into the ureters.

Reason      :       Urethral sphincters relax during micturition.

Assertion   :       Secreting hypotonic urine is effective in reducing urinary loss of water.

Reason      :       Hypotonic urine is more concentrated and higher in osmotic pressure than the blood.

Assertion   :       In birds and reptiles, main excretory product is the combined form of urine and faeces.

Reason      :       Birds and reptiles have no separate chamber for excretion of urine and faeces.

Assertion   :       Hemodialysis can save and prolong the life of uremic patients.

Reason      :       Waste products like urea can be removed from the blood by the process of hemodialysis.